PITCH GENIAL

WOW

Deductions

Tr Rony is not here, he might be sick

Modals of deduction

We can use modal verbs for deduction – guessing if something is true using the available information. The modal verb we choose shows how certain we are about the possibility.

Deduction

We base our deductions on some provided evidence

The evidence: -Tr Brenda is bald -She doesn't have cancer -She isn't crazy

Deduction

Based on our evidence we can say:

-Tr Brenda must be fresher. -She might not spend on expensive shampoo. -Tr Brenda may be trying another hair style.

We use different modal verbs to express how sure we are about something

Must

01

This must be her house. I can see her car in the garage.

We use must when we feel sure that something is true or it's the only realistic possibility.

02

He must live near here because he always walks to work.

03

Come inside and get warm. You must be freezing out there!

Might, may, could

01

She's not here yet. She might be stuck in traffic.

We use might, may or could to say that we think something is possible but we're not sure.

02

He's not answering. He could be in class.

03

We regret to inform you that some services may be delayed due to the bad weather.

*They all have the same meaning but may is more formal

Can't

01

It can't be far now. We've been driving for hours.

We use can't when we feel sure that something is not possible.

02

She can't know about the complaint. She's promoted him to team leader.

03

It can't be easy for him, looking after three kids on his own.

*All modal verbs are followed by infinitive verbs

Create 4 deductions of your classmates based on the relationship you have with them

Who is it?

Discuss and answer these questions about your classmates using modal verbs of deduction. Base your answer on what you know about the other students in the class

Who is it?

Example: "You hear a loud voice outside of the classroom" It could be teacher Rony because he has a strong voice.

Who is it?

You hear a student telling a joke, who is it? You hear someone singing outside, who is it? You see a classmate eating in the classroom, who is it?

Who is it?

You see a classmate helping another with the homework, who is it? A student arrives late, who is it? A student arrives to class first, who is it?

Who is it?

You see two students talking the whole class, who are they? There is a student listening to music, who is it? A student is playing on the phone, who is it?

Modals of deduction(In the past)

We can use modal verbs for deduction – guessing if something is true using the available information. The modal verb we choose shows how certain we are about the possibility.

Must have

Who told the newspapers about the prime minister's plans? It must have been someone close to him.

01

We use must have + past participle when we feel sure about what happened.

The thief must have had a key. The door was locked and nothing was broken.

02

Oh, good! We've got milk. Mo must have bought some yesterday.

03

Might have/ may have

I think I might have left the air conditioning on. Please can you check?

01

We can use might have or may have + past participle when we think it's possible that something happened.

Police think the suspect may have left the country using a fake passport.

02

He may have been freezing because he was not using any jacket.

03

*May have is more formal than might have. Could have is also possible in this context but less common.

can't have / couldn't have

01

She can't have driven there. Her car keys are still here.

We use can't have and couldn't have + past participle when we think it's not possible that something happened.

I thought I saw Fer this morning but it couldn't have been him – he's in Greece this week.

02

03

I can't have lost my keys, they were in my pocket a minute ago.

Deductions boardgame

*Get in teams of 3*Go to diceonline.com *With your friends, play this boardgame by doing deductions based on the evidence given *You can use present and past deductions