FEMORAL REGION, CRURAL REGION AND FOOT: FEMUR, TIBIA, FIBULA, AND BONES OF THE FOOT
INTRODUCTION
The present work contains crucial knowledge about the lower part of our body, including the femoral region, femur, crural region, foot, fibula, and various parts of the foot. This knowledge is crucial for studies, for understanding and developing our abilities, and for understanding how our body and a complex part of it work. It has crucial components to its structure and explains how the various bones in the region work.
GENERAL OBJECTIVE Learn the basic nomenclature of the human body, specifically the lower limbs, as well as the planes of the body and the topographic anatomy, so that they can describe where each component is located and the injuries that may have occurred.
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES Describe the structure and classification of the lower extremities of the lower body. Recognize the structures that make up each of the regions of the body. Recognize the importance of learning about human anatomy in the evolution of daily lower body activities.
FEMORAL REGION
The femoral region (thigh) is the first region of the free lower limb. It consists of the femur and all related thigh muscles and neurovascular structures. Distally, the femur articulates with the patella (kneecap) and tibia, forming the knee joint.
The pelvic girdle is formed by the coxal bones. Each coxal bone is formed by the fusion of three bones: the ilium, the ischium, and the pubis. The coxal bones articulate with each other through the pubic symphysis and with the sacrum through the sacroiliac joint. Thus, these bones make up the bony pelvis. In addition to these joints, the coxal bone (pelvic girdle) articulates with the femur, forming the hip joint.
the pubis
the ischium
the ilium
Femur Now we come to the largest bone in the human body, the femur. The femur is a long bone, with a proximal end, a body, and a distal end.
The proximal end participates in the hip joint and has three important anatomical landmarks: the head, the neck, and the two trochanters (greater trochanter and lesser trochanter).
The distal end makes up the knee joint. Its main landmarks are the medial condyle and the lateral condyle.
The coxofemoral joint, also known as the hip joint, is a multiaxial joint because it is structured in such a way that it allows movement in multiple axes and planes, eg flexion-extension, abduction-adduction, medial-lateral rotation
This range of motion requires great stability. Even more so because the lower limbs support the weight of the body. Therefore, the hip joint is reinforced by a capsule and strong ligament: annular, transverse acetabular, iliofemoral, pubofemoral, and ischiofemoral.
The gluteal muscles are muscles of the hip and buttock that move the hip joint. They are divided into two groups: Superficial layer, which is composed of the gluteus maximus, medius, and minimus thighs, as well as the tensor fascia lata muscle.
The superficial gluteal muscles give the buttocks their characteristic curve. All of them are very powerful hip extensors and flexors, which makes them essential for maintaining the upright posture of the human body.
The internal gluteal muscles are located below the gluteus maximus muscle. This group of 9 muscles includes the iliacus, psoas major, psoas minor, obturator externus, obturator internus, superior and inferior gastrocnemius, piriformis, and quadratus femoris. These muscles are essential for creating the wide range of hip motion used by dancers, athletes, and music lovers.
The thigh is a region of the lower extremity that extends from the hip to the knee. The thigh muscles are divided into three compartments: Anterior thigh muscles - flexors of the hip joint, extensors of the knee joint
Posterior thigh muscles - extensors of the hip joint, flexors of the knee joint
Medial thigh muscles - adductors of the hip joint
Like the rest of the human body, the lower extremity is divided into smaller regions that help specialists to describe, detect and treat pathological conditions of this important structure. The lower extremity has an anterior and a posterior face. In turn, each face is made up of various regions that have their own anatomical limits and contents that include muscles, bones, and vascular and nervous structures
The gluteal region is the most proximal region of the posterior aspect of the lower extremity.
Specifically, the gluteal region is the prominence found in the posterior portion of the pelvis which is characterized by extending superiorly from the iliac crest to the gluteal groove (buttock crease) inferiorly and reaching the posterior margin of the greater trochanter of the femur laterally.
In the anterior region of the thigh is a small triangular subregion known as the femoral triangle, also known as Scarpa's triangle. The femoral triangle lies on the anteromedial aspect of the thigh and is bounded superiorly by the inguinal ligament, laterally by the lateral sartorius muscle, and medially by the adductor longus muscle. Its contents, from lateral to medial, include the femoral nerve, femoral artery, femoral vein, and femoral lymph nodes, which are more commonly known as the inguinal lymph nodes.
FOOT REGION
The tarsus refers to the set of seven tarsal bones that include the calcaneus, talus, navicular bone, cuboid, and medial, intermediate, and lateral cuneiform bone. The metatarsal region of the foot is made up of the five metatarsal bones. The metatarsal bones are numbered I through V. Each metatarsal has a head at its distal end, an elongated body in the center, and a proximal base.
The phalanges are the bones of the toes. Each finger has three phalanges (a proximal, a middle, and a distal phalanx), with the exception of the great toe, which only has one proximal and one distal phalanx. Like the metatarsals, the phalanges also have a head, a body, and a proximal base.
The muscles contained in the foot can be subdivided into a plantar group and a dorsal group. The dorsal group is made up of only two muscles, while the plantar muscles are subdivided into three groups: one lateral, one central, and one medial
FEMUR
The femur develops from the limb buds, as a result of interactions between the ectoderm and the underlying mesoderm, formation occurring more or less around the fourth week of development
Lorem Ipsum
TIBIA The tibia (shin) is a long bone of the leg and lies medial to the fibula (fibula). It is the weight-bearing bone of the leg, making it the second largest bone in the body after the femur. One thing to keep in mind is that 'tibia' is the Latin word for tubular musical instruments, such as the flute, which could be made from animal tibial bones.
FIBULA AND BONES OF THE FOOT
Also known as fibula, it is a structure formed by bone tissue, whose anatomical characteristics are long and narrow. This bone is located between the knee and the ankle, and connects with the tibia and the talus to form different joints. Structurally, the fibula is formed by a body, to which 3 faces and 3 edges correspond; It also has an upper part, called the head of the fibula, and a lower part, called the external malleolus
CONCLUSIONS • We can now better appreciate how devastating it can be to a person's life to lose one of the lower limbs and how crucial it is to take good care of our lower body parts thanks to the study of the leg and lower limbs along with the biomechanics of being. human. passed. found in this document and studied. • Everything pertaining to the lower extremities must be fully understood and understood. The best part of learning about the general anatomy of the leg was becoming familiar with the name and anatomical arrangement of each component.
BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCES Desai, A., Dramis, A., & Board, T. (2013). Leg length discrepancy after total hip arthroplasty: a review of literature. Current Reviews In Musculoskeletal Medicine, 6(4), 336-341. doi: 10.1007/s12178-013-9180-0 Duckworth, T., & Blundell, C. (2010). Lecture Notes: Orthopaedics and Fractures, 4th Edition(4th ed.). John Wiley & Sons. Gardner, E., & Gray, D. (1970). The prenatal development of the human femur. American Journal Of Anatomy, 129(2), 121-140. doi: 10.1002/aja.1001290202
image url
https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A9mur
https://www.kenhub.com/es/library/anatomia-es/femur-anatomia
https://paradigmia.com/curso/locomotor/modulos/osteologia-de-la-extremidad-inferior/temas/fibula-o-perone/
https://www.kenhub.com/es/library/anatomia-es/tobillo-y-pie-anatomia
https://residenciasalcalamahora.wordpress.com/2013/02/20/fracturas-extremo-proximal-del-femur/
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1286935X16807339
GRACIAS
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FEMORAL REGION, CRURAL REGION AND FOOT: FEMUR, TIBIA, FIBULA, AND BONES OF THE FOOT
INTRODUCTION
The present work contains crucial knowledge about the lower part of our body, including the femoral region, femur, crural region, foot, fibula, and various parts of the foot. This knowledge is crucial for studies, for understanding and developing our abilities, and for understanding how our body and a complex part of it work. It has crucial components to its structure and explains how the various bones in the region work.
GENERAL OBJECTIVE Learn the basic nomenclature of the human body, specifically the lower limbs, as well as the planes of the body and the topographic anatomy, so that they can describe where each component is located and the injuries that may have occurred.
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES Describe the structure and classification of the lower extremities of the lower body. Recognize the structures that make up each of the regions of the body. Recognize the importance of learning about human anatomy in the evolution of daily lower body activities.
FEMORAL REGION
The femoral region (thigh) is the first region of the free lower limb. It consists of the femur and all related thigh muscles and neurovascular structures. Distally, the femur articulates with the patella (kneecap) and tibia, forming the knee joint.
The pelvic girdle is formed by the coxal bones. Each coxal bone is formed by the fusion of three bones: the ilium, the ischium, and the pubis. The coxal bones articulate with each other through the pubic symphysis and with the sacrum through the sacroiliac joint. Thus, these bones make up the bony pelvis. In addition to these joints, the coxal bone (pelvic girdle) articulates with the femur, forming the hip joint.
the pubis
the ischium
the ilium
Femur Now we come to the largest bone in the human body, the femur. The femur is a long bone, with a proximal end, a body, and a distal end.
The proximal end participates in the hip joint and has three important anatomical landmarks: the head, the neck, and the two trochanters (greater trochanter and lesser trochanter).
The distal end makes up the knee joint. Its main landmarks are the medial condyle and the lateral condyle.
The coxofemoral joint, also known as the hip joint, is a multiaxial joint because it is structured in such a way that it allows movement in multiple axes and planes, eg flexion-extension, abduction-adduction, medial-lateral rotation
This range of motion requires great stability. Even more so because the lower limbs support the weight of the body. Therefore, the hip joint is reinforced by a capsule and strong ligament: annular, transverse acetabular, iliofemoral, pubofemoral, and ischiofemoral.
The gluteal muscles are muscles of the hip and buttock that move the hip joint. They are divided into two groups: Superficial layer, which is composed of the gluteus maximus, medius, and minimus thighs, as well as the tensor fascia lata muscle.
The superficial gluteal muscles give the buttocks their characteristic curve. All of them are very powerful hip extensors and flexors, which makes them essential for maintaining the upright posture of the human body.
The internal gluteal muscles are located below the gluteus maximus muscle. This group of 9 muscles includes the iliacus, psoas major, psoas minor, obturator externus, obturator internus, superior and inferior gastrocnemius, piriformis, and quadratus femoris. These muscles are essential for creating the wide range of hip motion used by dancers, athletes, and music lovers.
The thigh is a region of the lower extremity that extends from the hip to the knee. The thigh muscles are divided into three compartments: Anterior thigh muscles - flexors of the hip joint, extensors of the knee joint Posterior thigh muscles - extensors of the hip joint, flexors of the knee joint Medial thigh muscles - adductors of the hip joint
Like the rest of the human body, the lower extremity is divided into smaller regions that help specialists to describe, detect and treat pathological conditions of this important structure. The lower extremity has an anterior and a posterior face. In turn, each face is made up of various regions that have their own anatomical limits and contents that include muscles, bones, and vascular and nervous structures
The gluteal region is the most proximal region of the posterior aspect of the lower extremity.
Specifically, the gluteal region is the prominence found in the posterior portion of the pelvis which is characterized by extending superiorly from the iliac crest to the gluteal groove (buttock crease) inferiorly and reaching the posterior margin of the greater trochanter of the femur laterally.
In the anterior region of the thigh is a small triangular subregion known as the femoral triangle, also known as Scarpa's triangle. The femoral triangle lies on the anteromedial aspect of the thigh and is bounded superiorly by the inguinal ligament, laterally by the lateral sartorius muscle, and medially by the adductor longus muscle. Its contents, from lateral to medial, include the femoral nerve, femoral artery, femoral vein, and femoral lymph nodes, which are more commonly known as the inguinal lymph nodes.
FOOT REGION
The tarsus refers to the set of seven tarsal bones that include the calcaneus, talus, navicular bone, cuboid, and medial, intermediate, and lateral cuneiform bone. The metatarsal region of the foot is made up of the five metatarsal bones. The metatarsal bones are numbered I through V. Each metatarsal has a head at its distal end, an elongated body in the center, and a proximal base.
The phalanges are the bones of the toes. Each finger has three phalanges (a proximal, a middle, and a distal phalanx), with the exception of the great toe, which only has one proximal and one distal phalanx. Like the metatarsals, the phalanges also have a head, a body, and a proximal base. The muscles contained in the foot can be subdivided into a plantar group and a dorsal group. The dorsal group is made up of only two muscles, while the plantar muscles are subdivided into three groups: one lateral, one central, and one medial
FEMUR
The femur develops from the limb buds, as a result of interactions between the ectoderm and the underlying mesoderm, formation occurring more or less around the fourth week of development
Lorem Ipsum
TIBIA The tibia (shin) is a long bone of the leg and lies medial to the fibula (fibula). It is the weight-bearing bone of the leg, making it the second largest bone in the body after the femur. One thing to keep in mind is that 'tibia' is the Latin word for tubular musical instruments, such as the flute, which could be made from animal tibial bones.
FIBULA AND BONES OF THE FOOT
Also known as fibula, it is a structure formed by bone tissue, whose anatomical characteristics are long and narrow. This bone is located between the knee and the ankle, and connects with the tibia and the talus to form different joints. Structurally, the fibula is formed by a body, to which 3 faces and 3 edges correspond; It also has an upper part, called the head of the fibula, and a lower part, called the external malleolus
CONCLUSIONS • We can now better appreciate how devastating it can be to a person's life to lose one of the lower limbs and how crucial it is to take good care of our lower body parts thanks to the study of the leg and lower limbs along with the biomechanics of being. human. passed. found in this document and studied. • Everything pertaining to the lower extremities must be fully understood and understood. The best part of learning about the general anatomy of the leg was becoming familiar with the name and anatomical arrangement of each component.
BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCES Desai, A., Dramis, A., & Board, T. (2013). Leg length discrepancy after total hip arthroplasty: a review of literature. Current Reviews In Musculoskeletal Medicine, 6(4), 336-341. doi: 10.1007/s12178-013-9180-0 Duckworth, T., & Blundell, C. (2010). Lecture Notes: Orthopaedics and Fractures, 4th Edition(4th ed.). John Wiley & Sons. Gardner, E., & Gray, D. (1970). The prenatal development of the human femur. American Journal Of Anatomy, 129(2), 121-140. doi: 10.1002/aja.1001290202
image url
https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A9mur
https://www.kenhub.com/es/library/anatomia-es/femur-anatomia
https://paradigmia.com/curso/locomotor/modulos/osteologia-de-la-extremidad-inferior/temas/fibula-o-perone/
https://www.kenhub.com/es/library/anatomia-es/tobillo-y-pie-anatomia
https://residenciasalcalamahora.wordpress.com/2013/02/20/fracturas-extremo-proximal-del-femur/
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1286935X16807339
GRACIAS