Digestive system

DigestiveSystem

#NAme

Biology

Justina, MelinaJosefina

Before food can be eaten should pass through a process called absorption food eaten by mammals generally cointains molecules of protain, carbohydrate and fat. molecules to be absorbed pass through a process called dygestion

Digestive

The alimentary canal of a mammal is a long tube running from one end of its body to the other.

Elarge carbohydrate molecules,have to be broken down into simple sugars.s , water, vitamins and minerals , they dont need to be digested as they are already small molecules

Chemical digestion

the breakdown of large insluble molecules into small soluble molecules. enzymes are involved in this process

Mechanical digestion

the breakdown of food into smaller pieces without chemical change to the food molecules, for example the churning movements of the alimentary canal

Teeth

• help with the ingestion and mechanical digestion of the food we eat
• are used to bite on pieces the food
• they can crush, chopor grind food into small pieces
• helps soluble parts of food to dissolve the enzymes

Stracture

includes:

• The root
• Crown
• Enamel
• Dentine
• Pulp cavity
• Nerves
• Blood vessels

info

Type of teeth

Dental decay

Type of teeth

• most mammals have four kinds of teeth

Incisors: Sharp-edged chisel-shaped at the front of the mouth They are used to bite food

Canines: They are pointed Located at either side of the incisors Premolars and Molars: Large teeth Located at the towards back of the mouth Use to chew food In humans we also have wisdom teeth, they don’t grow until much later.

Dental Decay

• Its caused by bacteria

We have a large number of bacteria in our mouth Its caused by bacteria

Tooth decay:

• The sugar left in the teeth, bacteria in the plaque will feed on it.
• There they produce an acid that gradually dissolves the enamel covering, getting into the dentine.
• Dentine is easier to dissolve than the enamel, if this happens and is not cured in time the teeth might be taken off.

THE ALIMENTARY CANAL

• Is a long tube which runs from the mouth to the anus.

• Include the pancreas and the liver also

• The alimentary canal contains muscles, which contract and relax so that the food moves along. This movement is called peristalsis.

• Sometimes the food is kept for a while in the alimentary canal, before it passes to the next part.

• The sphincter muscles are the ones that can close completely in certain places.

• Mucus, is a goblet cell that occurs in the alimentary canal.

• This mucus helps the food slide easily

• The alimentary canal plays an important role in the digestion, absorption and egestion of food.

The Mouth

01

The tongue:

04

Amylase:

Mixes food with saliva and forms the bolus, so then it's swallowed.

02

hey begin to digest starch in the food to the sugar maltose This sometimes doesn’t finish, because food isn’t kept for a long time in the mouth. When you chew something starchy, ( for a long time ) you might be able to taste the sweet maltose produced.

saliva:

03

Is a mix of water, mucus and enzyme amylase. The water helps dissolve substances in the food, so that we can taste them.

Mucus:

Helps the food to get together in the bolus Also lubricates it's easier to swallow.

• Two tubes that lead down from the back of the mouth. The trachea and the oesophagus.

• When we swallow, there's a cartilage called epiglottis, that closes the trachea tube so that the food doesn’t enter the lungs.

• Trachea: takes air down to the lung

• Oesophagus: takes the food down to the stomach

The Oesophagus

• The stomach entrance is guarded by a ring muscle called sphincter.

• This one relaxes so that the food can pass to the stomach.

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