Want to create interactive content? It’s easy in Genially!
The Learning Theories
Jasper
Created on June 14, 2023
Start designing with a free template
Discover more than 1500 professional designs like these:
Transcript
The Learning Theories
By Jasper Sasser
Behaviorism
Major Theorists: Ivan Pavlov, Edward Lee Thorndike, B. F Skinner, and John B. Watson
Behaviorism is a theory that focuses on observable behaviors and emphasizes the role of the environment in shaping behavior. It suggests that individuals learn through the process of stimulus-response associations and reinforcement (Muhajirah, 2020). Behaviorists believe that all behavior, including complex mental processes, can be explained by conditioning.
Role of Memory in Behaviorism
Memory is seen as a product of the learning process rather than a separate component (Muhajirah, 2020)
Behaviorism primarily focuses on observable behaviors and does not delve extensively into the inner workings of memory (Muhajirah, 2020).
How Learning Occurs
Types of Learning
According to behaviorism, learning occurs through the process of stimulus-response associations. Individuals acquire new behaviors through classical conditioning (associating stimuli with specific responses) or operant conditioning (reinforcing or punishing behaviors to strengthen or weaken them) (Leeder, 2022).
Behaviorism is well-suited to explaining simple, observable behaviors and skills. It is commonly applied in areas such as skill acquisition, behavior modification, and animal training (Hunkins & Orstein, 2016).
Cognitivism
Major theorist: Jean Piaget, Lev Vygotsky, Albert Bandura
Major characteristics
How learning occurs
Role of memory
Memory is considered a crucial component of learning in cognitivism. It involves encoding, storage, and retrieval of information (Parriish, 2020). Different types of memory, such as sensory, short-term, and long-term memory, play a role in cognitive processing and knowledge acquisition.
Cognitivism posits that learning occurs through mental processes such as attention, perception, memory, and problem-solving. Learners actively engage with information, construct meaning, and integrate new knowledge with existing cognitive structures.
Cognitivism focuses on the mental processes involved in learning, such as thinking, problem-solving, and information processing (Parrish, 2020). It suggests that learning is an active, constructive process where learners actively organize and interpret information. Cognitivists emphasize the importance of internal mental structures and processes in understanding human learning.
Cognitivism is suitable for explaining complex cognitive processes and higher-order thinking skills. It is often applied in areas such as educational psychology, instructional design, and cognitive development research.
How learning occurs
Role of memory
Constructivism
According to constructivism, learning occurs through the active construction of knowledge by the learner. It emphasizes hands-on, experiential learning, problem-solving, and collaboration. Learners engage in meaning-making activities, reflect on their experiences, and construct their own understanding of the world.
Memory is seen as an essential part of the learning process in constructivism. It involves the integration of new information with existing knowledge structures, which are constantly refined and adapted through experience (Brau, 2020).
Major theorist: Jean Piaget, Lev Vygotsky, John Dewey
Constructivism views learning as an active process of constructing knowledge and meaning through individual experiences and interactions with the environment. It emphasizes the role of learners' prior knowledge, social interactions, and reflection in shaping understanding. Learners actively build mental models and interpretations of the world based on their experiences.
Types of learning
Constructivism is well-suited for explaining complex, meaningful learning experiences and the development of higher-order thinking skills (Brau, 2020). It is often applied in areas such as inquiry-based learning, problem-based learning, and constructivist approaches to teaching and curriculum design.
References
Brau, B. (2020). Constructivism. The Students' Guide to Learning Design and Research.
Leeder, T. M. (2022). Behaviorism, skinner, and operant conditioning: considerations for sport coaching practice. Strategies, 35(3), 27-32.
Hunkins, F. P., & Ornstein, A. C. (2016). Curriculum: Foundations, principles, and issues. Pearson Education.
Muhajirah, M. (2020). Basic of learning theory:(behaviorism, cognitivism, constructivism, and humanism). International Journal of Asian Education, 1(1), 37-42.
Parrish, M. (2020). Cognitive theories and cognitive development relevant to adults. Human growth and development in adults, 27-44.
Lorem ipsum dolor
Consectetur adipiscing elit
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod.
- Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.
- Consectetur adipiscing elit.
- Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut.
Lorem ipsum dolor
Consectetur adipiscing elit
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod.
- Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.
- Consectetur adipiscing elit.
- Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut.