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Wastewater discharge

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Created on June 5, 2023

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Wastewater discharge

START

WASTEWATER DISCHARGE

Main sourcesof wastewater

Environmental consequences of untreated wastewater

Substances

WASTEWATER DISCHARGE

Main sources of wastewater

Wastewater can come from:

  • Processes:
    • Chemistry
    • Pharmaceutical
    • Metallurgical
    • Oil industry
    • Mining
  • Auxiliary systems
  • Rainwater
  • Sanitary
See details about each sector in the IFC Guides

WASTEWATER DISCHARGE

Substances

  • Pathogens
  • Organic chemical compounds
  • Organic waste
  • Inorganic chemicals
  • Inorganic plant nutrients(nitrogen and phosphorus)
  • Sediments or suspended matter
  • Radioactive substances
  • Thermal pollution

WASTEWATER DISCHARGE

Environmental consequences of untreated wastewater

  • Effects on biodiversity and aquatic ecosystems
  • Altering the food chain
  • Altering water quality and limiting uses of water resources
  • Diseases (gastrointestinal and skin) when drinking or using contaminated water
  • Eutrophicating water bodies
  • Decreasing the oxygen level of natural water sources

WASTEWATER DISCHARGE

Techniques to avoid or reduce wastewater pollution:

  • Recycling/reusing
  • Substituting contributing materials
  • Modifying manufacturing processes

If wastewater needs to be treated before discharge, the level of treatment will depend on:

  • Quality of the discharge
  • Water destination
  • National and local regulations
  • Capacity of the receiving water body
  • Use of the receiving water body
  • Presence of receptors or sensitive habitats
  • GIIP for each industry sector