Circulatory System
Systems and Apparatus of the Human Body
Fatima Flores Ruiz
Isabella Flores Ruiz
Ailany Rennata Ceballos Perez
Team
Jimena Herrera López
Georgette Adriana Carrillo de la Barrera
Definition
The circulatory system is an organ system that circulates blood to get oxygen and other nutrients (such as amino acids and electrolytes) to tissues and cells in the body; it also transports hormones and helps remove waste. As such, it helps nourish the cells within the body, fight diseases, stabilize temperature and pH, and maintain homeostasis.
types of Blood circulation
1. Open: The blood leaves the blood vessels an arrives in an open space.2. Closed: Blood never leaves the blood vessels.3. Single: The blood pumped by the heart has only one pathway.4. Double: It has two paths, the blood goes from the heart to the lungs then to the rest of the body.5. Incomplete: It is when the arterial blood joins the venous blood because there is only one ventricle.6. Complete: It is when the venous blood will never mix with the arterial blood because there are two ventricles.
1. Open: The blood leaves the blood vessels and arrives in an open space.2. Closed: Blood never leaves the blood vessels. 3. Single: The blood pumped by the heart has only one pathway. 4. Double: It has two paths, the blood goes from the heart to the lungs then to the rest of the body. 5. Incomplete: It is when the arterial blood joins the venous blood because there is only one ventricle. 6. Complete: It is when the venous blood will never mix with the arterial blood because there are two ventricles.
OPEN & CLOSED circulatory systems
The bee's heart is elongated and goes from the tip of the abdomen to the head.
The blood in this system, called hemolymph and it transports nutrients and eliminates metabolic wastes.
Open Circulatory System
- The open circulatory system is found mainly in mollusks and arthropods (invertebrate animals with an exoskeleton, a segmented body, and jointed appendages, such as ants, dragonflies, bees, arachnids, centipedes, crustaceans, and more).
- In this system, blood is distributed in an open space instead of circulating only through blood vessels as in the closed system: Blood is pumped into a cavity where it circulates around the body’s organs (within the cavity) as the heart beats and the animal moves. As it circulates, the blood enters the heart through openings.
- Due to the lack of arteries and veins to propel the blood, the blood pressure is low, and there is a high volume of blood circulating.
closed Circulatory System
- Found in all vertebrates (and some invertebrates).
- Circulates blood from the heart (which acts as a pump) around the body and then back to the heart through blood vessels (including arteries, veins and capillaries).
- Closed-loop system.
VS
Closed circulatory systems
Open circulatory systems
functions
1. Transports oxygen throughout the body.
Oxygen is needed for cellular respiration (the process by which organisms break down glucose into energy), which is needed for cell growth.
2. Removes carbon dioxide waste.
Blood cells deliver the oxygen needed for cellular respiration and pick up the carbon dioxide waste that cellular respiration produces- the deoxygenated blood with carbon dioxide eventually reaches the lungs, where the CO2 is released.
4. Transports nutrients, water, and hormones.
- The blood that flows through the circulatory system distributes nutrients, sugars, water (that cells need to stay hydrated), and hormones- hormones that are used to govern some cell processes.
- The blood absorbs sugar, nutrients, and water from the digestive system, and hormones from glands throughout the body.
- The circulatory system picks up nutrients, water, and hormones at their source and delivers them to the correct destination.
3. Removes other waste.
- Blood cells pick up other waste produced by cell processes.
- For example, blood cells pick up uric acid and transport it to the kidneys, where it is removed and expelled from the body as urine.
5. Immunity and repair function:
The circulatory system helps fight foreign cells and repair cell damage:
- White blood cells identify hostile intruders and neutralize them.
- Antibodies fight bacteria and viruses.
- Platelets clog holes (injuries).
- Substances in the blood help new cells grow to repair damaged tissue.
- Moves cells and materials from their place of production or availability to where they are needed.
The main parts of the circulatory system
The circulatory system is a network composed of three main elements: blood, blood vessels, and the heart.
The heart:
-Specialized cardiac muscle tissue that acts as a pump in the circulatory system. -The heart is divided into 4 main chambers: Two atria and two ventricles.
- Atria: Receive blood.
- Ventricles: Pump blood.
- There is one of each on each side:
- Right-hand side atrium and ventricle: Pump deoxygenated blood to the lungs.
- Left-hand side atrium and ventricle: Pump oxygenated blood around the body.
The main parts of the heart are the following:
- Atria: Where the blood collects when it enters.
- Ventricles: Pump blood out of the heart.
- Septum: Separates the left and right sides of the heart.
- Tricuspid valve: Located between the right atrium and right ventricle and opens when the right atrium fills with blood.
- Bicuspid valve: Located between the left atrium and left ventricle and opens when the left atrium fills with blood.
- Semilunar valves: Stop the back-flow of the blood into the heart.
Tempor Labor
blood vessels:
Blood vessels are vessels through which blood circulates.The main types of blood vessels are the following: - Arteries:
- Carry blood away from the heart (usually oxygenated, except for the pulmonary artery).
- Veins:
- Carry blood towards the heart (usually deoxygenated, except for the pulmonary vein).
- Capillaries:
- Allow the diffusion of gases and nutrients from the blood into cells.
- Capillaries connect arterioles and venues.
Other important blood vessels:
- Arterioles: Very small branches of arteries.
- Venules: Very small branches that unite to form veins; they collect blood from the various organs and parts.
Examples of some of the most important blood vessels in the body (the ones that lead into and out of the heart):- Aorta:
- The largest artery in the body.
- Carries oxygenated blood away from the left ventricle to the body.
- Vena Cava:
- Largest vein in the body.
- Carries deoxygenated blood from the body back to the heart.
-The Pulmonary Artery:
- Carries deoxygenated blood away from the right ventricle to the lungs.
-The Pulmonary Vein:
- Returns oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart.
Blood:
- Transports nutrients and oxygen to the cells of the body. - Blood is pumped throughout the body using blood vessels:
- Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart and into capillaries, where oxygen and other nutrients are transported from the blood to tissues and cells.
- Veins carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart; the heart then transports it to the lungs, where it is reoxygenated and returns to the heart via the pulmonary vein.
- Blood is made up of four components:
- Red blood cells: Transport oxygen.
- White blood cells: Fight infection.
- Platelets: Clot to prevent blood loss during injury.
- Plasma: The liquid part of blood.
Circuits
The human circulatory system consists of three circuits:
- The pulmonary circuit: Provides blood flow between the heart and lungs.
- The systemic circuit: Allows blood to flow to and from the rest of the body. Its main artery is the aorta, which branches out into other arteries, carrying blood to different parts of the body.
- The coronary circuit: Strictly provides blood to the heart.
The pulmonary circuit:
Right atrium with deoxygenated blood -> Left atrium with oxygenated blood
- Deoxygenated blood from the body enters the heart’s right atrium.
- The deoxygenated blood flows through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle.
- The ventricle contracts, which closes the tricuspid valve and opens the pulmonary valve.
- The blood flows into the pulmonary artery.
- The pulmonary artery branches immediately, carrying blood to the right and left lungs.
- Once inside the lungs, the blood gives up carbon dioxide and takes on a fresh supply of oxygen.
- The capillary beds of the lungs are drained by venules that unite into pulmonary veins.
- 4 pulmonary veins, two draining each lung, carry oxygenated blood to the left atrium of the heart.
The coronary circuit:
Left atrium with oxygenated blood - > Right atrium with deoxygenated blood
- Begins with oxygenated blood in the left atrium.
- The oxygenated blood flows through the mitral valve and into the left ventricle.
- The left ventricle contracts, closing the mitral valve, and opening the aortic valve- which is at the entrance to the aorta.
- The blood flows into the aorta.
- Just beyond the aortic valve, some of the blood flows into two openings that branch off from the aorta; these openings become the right and left coronary arteries (these arteries supply blood to a network of capillaries that penetrate the heart), which are arteries that pass from the inside of the heart directly out to its surface and extend down across it.
- The capillaries drain into two coronary veins that empty into the right atrium.
The systemic circuit:
Aorta with oxygenated blood -> Right atrium with deoxygenated blood
- Blood from the aorta passes into a branching system of arteries that lead to all parts of the body.
- The blood flows into a system of capillaries, where it exchanges gases, nutrients, and more with tissues and cells.
- The blood in the capillaries then flows into venules, which are drained by veins.
- Veins that drain the upper portion of the body lead to the superior vena cava.
- Veins that drain the lower portion of the body lead to the inferior vena cava.
- Both Vena Cava veins empty into the right atrium.
Game Time
Overview/recap of main ideas
- The circulatory system circulates blood around the body to transport gases (oxygen and CO2), nutrients, hormones, and more.
- There are two main types of circulatory systems: open and closed.
- Some of its main functions are:
-Transporting oxygen throughout the body -Removing carbon dioxide -Removing waste, transporting nutrients, water, and hormones. -Aiding immunity and granting repair functions.
- Its three main parts are the heart, blood, and blood vessels, and it has three main circuits: the pulmonary circuit, the systemic circuit, and the coronary circuit.
- The heart pumps oxygenated blood through arteries to the body, the blood returns to the heart via veins, and the heart then sends the blood to the lungs to reoxygenate it.
references:
- BBC. (n.d.). Cardiovascular system. https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z9n6sg8/revision/1
- BD Editors. (2019, October 4). Arthropod. Biology dictionary. https://biologydictionary.net/arthropod/
- Britannica. (n.d.). circulatory system. https://www.britannica.com/science/circulatory-system
- Britannica, T. Editors of Encyclopaedia (2023, May 31). blood vessel. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/science/blood-vessel
- Khan Academy. (n.d.). The circulatory system review. https://www.khanacademy.org/science/high-school-biology/hs-human-body-systems/hs-the-circulatory-and-respiratory-systems/a/hs-the-circulatory-system-review
- Kimball, J. (n.d.). 15.3A: Anatomy of Human Circulatory System. LibreTexts – Biology. https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Book%3A_Biology_(Kimball)/15%3A_The_Anatomy_and_Physiology_of_Animals/15.03%3A_Circulatory_Systems/15.3A%3A_Anatomy_of_Human_Circulatory_System
- LibreTexts- Biology. (n.d.). 40.2: Overview of the Circulatory System – Open and Closed Circulatory Systems. https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Book%3A_General_Biology_(Boundless)/40%3A_The_Circulatory_System/40.02%3A_Overview_of_the_Circulatory_System_-_Open_and_Closed_Circulatory_Systems
- Markgraf, B. (2018, August 20). Functions of the Human Circulatory System. Sciencing. https://sciencing.com/functions-human-circulatory-system-5379712.html
Thanks
Circulatory System
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Transcript
Circulatory System
Systems and Apparatus of the Human Body
Fatima Flores Ruiz
Isabella Flores Ruiz
Ailany Rennata Ceballos Perez
Team
Jimena Herrera López
Georgette Adriana Carrillo de la Barrera
Definition
The circulatory system is an organ system that circulates blood to get oxygen and other nutrients (such as amino acids and electrolytes) to tissues and cells in the body; it also transports hormones and helps remove waste. As such, it helps nourish the cells within the body, fight diseases, stabilize temperature and pH, and maintain homeostasis.
types of Blood circulation
1. Open: The blood leaves the blood vessels an arrives in an open space.2. Closed: Blood never leaves the blood vessels.3. Single: The blood pumped by the heart has only one pathway.4. Double: It has two paths, the blood goes from the heart to the lungs then to the rest of the body.5. Incomplete: It is when the arterial blood joins the venous blood because there is only one ventricle.6. Complete: It is when the venous blood will never mix with the arterial blood because there are two ventricles.
1. Open: The blood leaves the blood vessels and arrives in an open space.2. Closed: Blood never leaves the blood vessels. 3. Single: The blood pumped by the heart has only one pathway. 4. Double: It has two paths, the blood goes from the heart to the lungs then to the rest of the body. 5. Incomplete: It is when the arterial blood joins the venous blood because there is only one ventricle. 6. Complete: It is when the venous blood will never mix with the arterial blood because there are two ventricles.
OPEN & CLOSED circulatory systems
The bee's heart is elongated and goes from the tip of the abdomen to the head.
The blood in this system, called hemolymph and it transports nutrients and eliminates metabolic wastes.
Open Circulatory System
closed Circulatory System
VS
Closed circulatory systems
Open circulatory systems
functions
1. Transports oxygen throughout the body.
Oxygen is needed for cellular respiration (the process by which organisms break down glucose into energy), which is needed for cell growth.
2. Removes carbon dioxide waste.
Blood cells deliver the oxygen needed for cellular respiration and pick up the carbon dioxide waste that cellular respiration produces- the deoxygenated blood with carbon dioxide eventually reaches the lungs, where the CO2 is released.
4. Transports nutrients, water, and hormones.
3. Removes other waste.
5. Immunity and repair function:
The circulatory system helps fight foreign cells and repair cell damage:
The main parts of the circulatory system
The circulatory system is a network composed of three main elements: blood, blood vessels, and the heart.
The heart:
-Specialized cardiac muscle tissue that acts as a pump in the circulatory system. -The heart is divided into 4 main chambers: Two atria and two ventricles.
- Atria: Receive blood.
- Ventricles: Pump blood.
- There is one of each on each side:The main parts of the heart are the following:
Tempor Labor
blood vessels:
Blood vessels are vessels through which blood circulates.The main types of blood vessels are the following: - Arteries:
- Carry blood away from the heart (usually oxygenated, except for the pulmonary artery).
- Veins:- Carry blood towards the heart (usually deoxygenated, except for the pulmonary vein).
- Capillaries:- Capillaries connect arterioles and venues.
Other important blood vessels:Examples of some of the most important blood vessels in the body (the ones that lead into and out of the heart):- Aorta:
- The largest artery in the body.
- Carries oxygenated blood away from the left ventricle to the body.
- Vena Cava:- Largest vein in the body.
- Carries deoxygenated blood from the body back to the heart.
-The Pulmonary Artery:- Carries deoxygenated blood away from the right ventricle to the lungs.
-The Pulmonary Vein:Blood:
- Transports nutrients and oxygen to the cells of the body. - Blood is pumped throughout the body using blood vessels:
- Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart and into capillaries, where oxygen and other nutrients are transported from the blood to tissues and cells.
- Veins carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart; the heart then transports it to the lungs, where it is reoxygenated and returns to the heart via the pulmonary vein.
- Blood is made up of four components:Circuits
The human circulatory system consists of three circuits:
The pulmonary circuit:
Right atrium with deoxygenated blood -> Left atrium with oxygenated blood
The coronary circuit:
Left atrium with oxygenated blood - > Right atrium with deoxygenated blood
The systemic circuit:
Aorta with oxygenated blood -> Right atrium with deoxygenated blood
Game Time
Overview/recap of main ideas
- Some of its main functions are:
-Transporting oxygen throughout the body -Removing carbon dioxide -Removing waste, transporting nutrients, water, and hormones. -Aiding immunity and granting repair functions.references:
Thanks