HISTORY unit 4

HISTORY

UNIT 4

start

This is an index

3. The thirty years' war

4. France and absolutism

5. England and the parlament system

6. Spain in the 17th century

1. Economy

1.1 The European economy

7. The war of Succession

1.2 The economic crisis in Spain

2. Society

economy

THE EUROPEAN ECONOMY

There was an agricultural crisis, affected by the following factors:

• Wars
• Plagues
• Farmers migrated to the cities to avoid paying taxes
• Agricultural techniques were outdated, resulting low productivity
• There were years of bad harvests

This situation is called subsistence crisis, hunguer spread resulting a drecrease in the population. During the second half the situation improved slightly due to this factors:

• There were fewer wars
• There was a growth in colonial trade
• The textile industry grew in some countries
• The monarch intervened in te economy

ECONOMY

THE ECONOMIC CRISIS IN SPAIN

The agricultural crisis and the decline in the population:

The expulsion of the Moriscos in the 1609 meant that more than the 300 000 people left the peninsula, the majority of whom were farmers. Many farmers left the countryside due to the hard way of life and they migrated to de cities. Pícaros became more predominant, these are people from low social class who managed to survive by deceiving and cheating others. Other migrated to America in order to escape proverty.

The trade and the craft industry crisis:

While other kingdoms were creating and expanding their colonial empires, the Spanish monarchy ran out of resources from the Americas. The mines were almost empty, and their sea route to the Americas was constantly under threat from pirates and smugglers. There was a crisis in the craft industry, Spanish manufactured products weren't competitively priced in comparison to other countries. Trade with the Americas also decreased, as craft industries were established locally to meet the demand.

SOCIETY

Society was divided into various states:

Nobility:-Didn't pay taxes, they had political or military obligations, they lived in palaces and obtained rents or incoming from their lands, worked by the peasants Haute bourgeoisie: -Consisted of important traders, bankers and high public officials. Petite bourgeoisie: -Artisans, small-scale traders and labourers, they were disadvantaged by having to pay taxes and badly affected by the crisis Peasants: -Formed by the majority of the population, whose situation was very precarius Beggars: -Increased in number, they lived in the cities and had to beg or depend on charity to suvive

THE THIRTY YEARS' WAR

The tool of the war was taking led the powers involved to sign the Peace of Westphalia in 1648, ending the the war. The main consequences of this peace treat were the following: -The Spanish monarchy lost their dominance over Europe -The sovereignty of the German states was recognised -Sweden became the dominant state on the Blatic coast -France obtain territories in the Holy Roman Empire and became the leading power in Europe However, the Peace of Westphalia didn't end the conflicts between France and Sapin and continued to fight against each other.

Took place between 1618 and 1643 and was caused by the conflicts between the Catholics and Protestans in the Holy Roman Empire, the phases of this war were the following: 1.Protestan uprising in Bohemia 2.Two sides were formed3.The intervention of Denmark (supported the Protestants) 4.Swedish participation (supported the Protestants) 5.France joined the conflict (supported the Protestants)

Emperor with the support of the German Catholics, the king of Spain and Portugal

The protestant formed and alliance with Germany

Absolutism was supported by the Church. Absolute power was consider a divine right: the king was God's representative and everyone was accountable him. Thinkers consider an absolute monarchy to be the best possible political system. It spread to the majority of the European states.

FRANCE AND ABSOLUTISM

In the monarchies of the Early Modern Age, the kings increased their power. However, when absolute monarchies were estblished, all the power was held by the king. France became the main example of an absolute monarchy King Louis XIV, the characteristics are: -The monarch held unrestricted power, he made the laws and governed through decrees -He increaes the number of officials acting under his orders -He gave the administrative officials -He expanded the diplomatic crops -He had an extremely well organised professional army -He intervened in the economy

ENGLAND AND THE PARLAMENTARY SYSTEM

The English King Charles I was an absolute monarch. As he needed to raise money, he summoned Parliament (an assembly of the kingdom's representatives) to increase taxes. However, Parlament demanded restrictions to the King's power. Parlament consisted of the Puritan and Anglican nobles. England was the first parliamentary monarchy, meaning that the king's power was restricted and the country was governed by a parliament Freedom of the press was respected and the positions were allocated through a voting system. However it wasn't a democratic system, as only the nobles and the rich bourgeoisie were allowed to participate

SPAIN IN THE 17th CENTURY

FELIPE III

During this century the Lesser Habsburs ruled Spain (Felipe III, Felipe IV and Carlos II). During this century Spanish monarchy fell into decline. On the peninsula, the economic situation worsened. On an international level, Spain began to lose its political importance until it became a second rate power. The Lesser Habsburgs freed themselves of their govermental obligations by delegating power to their trusted advisors, who acted as prime ministeers and were kown as validos. The validos used power to became rich and give positions of power and privileges to their supporters and family. This corruption increased rivalry among the different groups of nobles, leading to conspiracies.

1621

1604

1598

war is resumed against the United Provinces

peace with England

FELIPE IV

1665

1640

1648

rebellion of Catalonia and Portugal

Peace of Westphalia

CARLOS III

1700

1668

Carlos III names Philip as his heir

recognition of Portugal's indepence

THE WAR OF SUCCESSION

After Felipe's victory at the Battle of Almansa in 1707, he concquered Valencia and Aragón. In 1711, Archduke Charles inherited the throne of Austria. Consequently, the Treaty of Utrecht was signed in 1713 between France and the coalitation, with the exception of Austria. In 1714, Felipe V took control of Barcelona and ended the war.

Carlos II named Phili, Duke of Anjou, as his successr to the Spanish throne. He was from the Bourbon dynasty. Therefore, an anti-Bourboun alliance was formed and Charles Archduke of Austria, was proposed as a candidate for the thorne. This caused the war (1701-1703). The candidates and their supporters were the following:

• Philip was proclaimed the King of Sapin (as Felipe V) in Madrid in 1700. He was supported by Castilla and France.
• Archduke Charles was proclaimed King of Sapin in Barcelona in 1705, and was recognised by the cortes of Aragón, Valencia and Cataluña. He also had the military support of Austria, Great Britain, the United Provinces, Portugal, Savoy and Prussia.

THE END

I HOPE YOU ENJOYED

BY BLANCA RENEDO GÓMEZ