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Science 8 Module 1: Force and Energy

Cody Derr

Created on May 23, 2023

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Transcript

Module 1

Force & Energy

Let's Complete the Pretest

Points for this assignment are based on completion, NOT score.

  • Do your best to recall what you have previously learned
  • Review the questions you missed.
  • Look to better understand these concepts during the module.

Vídeo

Phenomena

Strolling on the Moon!

What observations can you make? How does this stroll differ from the ones we take here on Earth?

Lesson 1

Gravitational LAw

By the end of this lesson, you should be able to:

  • Compare and contrast mass and weight.
  • Define the law of universal gravitation.
  • Recognize that every object exerts gravitational force on every other object.
  • Explain how mass and distance affect gravity.

Did you Know?

Your weight can change just by adjusting your location?

Saturn

Mars

Earth

106 lbs.

100 lbs.

38 lbs.

Gravity

Gravity is a force of attraction between any two objects that have mass.The amount of gravitational force between two objects depends upon

Mass

Distance

Whats the Difference?

Mass

  • The amount of matter or physical substance in an object
  • Is alwasy constant no matter where the object is located.
  • SI unit is measured in kilograms (kg)

Weight

  • A measure of the force experienced by an objecct due to gravity.
  • Varies depending on where the object is located.
  • Common measurement in pounds (lbs) SI unit is Newtons (N)

What would the Astronautes weight be on the moon?

Mass= 120 kg Weight= 120 kg x 9.8 m/s2 = 1,176 N

Mass= _____kgWeight= ___ kg x ___ m/s2 = _____ N

Knowledge Check

Complete the 5 question knowledge check in canvas

Tug of War

What factors contribute to which dog will win?

Lesson 2

Types of Forces

By the end of this lesson, you should be able to:

  • Describe and investigate types of forces, including contact force and forces acting at a distance.
  • Compare and contrast contact and non-contact forces.

Tug of War!

Direction of Pull

Size of Opponents

Surface Type

Grip Position

Choose a factor above or decide on your own.Explore how the factor would impact the results in a game of Tug of War.Create a statement that summarizes your findings.

What is Force?

A force is a push or pull. All motion is created by force. There are two categories of forces

  • Contact
  • Non-Contact

Contact Force

Non-Contact Force

Act on object without physically contact.

Results from 2 objects that are physically touching each other

  • Gravitational force- the strength of attraction between 2 objects with mass.
  • Electrical Force- The attractive or repulsive force that exists between all charged particles.
  • Magnetic Force- Similar to electrif force with an "opposites attract" and "likes repel" think happening. North (N) and South (S) Poles
  • Normal Force- the force that supports the weight of an object on a stable surface.
  • Applied Force- a force exerted on an object by a person or another object.
  • Friction Force- a force that opposes motion.

VS

Contact Force

Friction Force

NormalForce

Applied Force

The force that supports the weight of an object on a stable surface.

A force exerted on an object by a person or another object

A force that opposes motion.

Non-Contact Force

Electrical Force

Gravitational Force

An attractive or repulsive force that acts between all charged particles. Positive (+) and Negative (-) charges.

See Lesson 1!

Ex. Shocking power from slides and socks

Magnetic Force

Similart ot electric force bu atraction and repulsion is based on North (N) and South (S) ooles.

Electromagnetism

How could an Electromagnet be put to practical use?

Types of Forces Lab

Work in groups to complete the lab in Canvas.

Do you know?

Can you explain the difference between a societal law and a scientific law?

Lesson 3

Balanced & Unbalanced Forces

By the end of this lesson, you should be able to:

  • Understand the difference between a scientific law and a societal law.
  • Calculate net force and identify the direction of net force in an example.
  • Describe that an unbalanced force acting on an object changes its speed, or direction of motion, or both.
  • Predict the direction and motion of an object based on the acting forces.

Vídeo

What will happen next?

Inertia: An object will continue its current motion until a force causes it to change speed or direction.

Newton's 1st Law of Motion

Newton's first law of motion states that a body at rest will stay at rest until it is acted upon by another object.

  • A body in motion will remain in motion until acted upon.
  • This is known as Inertia.

Balanced & Unbalanced

Balanced Forces

AIl of the forces acting on an object are equal in opposite directions, and net force euals ZERO.-The objects motion will not change.

Unbalanced Force

The forces acting on an object are NOT equal to ZERO. -The object will move in the direction of the greater force.

What is the net force?

Effort 25N

Effort 15N

Effort 0N

Friction 50 N

Will the car move?--Why or why not? -- What forces are not identified?

Newton's 2nd Law of Motion

Newon's second law of motion states that the acceleration of an object depends on its mass and the amount of force applied

  • This means that an unbalanced force acting oon an object will change its velocity, which is the speed and direction of motion.

Newton's 3rd Law of Motion

Newton's 3rd law of motion states that forces occur in pairs; for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

  • This means that forces occur in pairs known as action forces and reaction forces.

Self-Propelled Car

How could you build a self-propelled car?

  • Where does balanced and unbalanced forces come in?
  • The video is a simple expample. There a lot of different methods to explore!

Self-Propelled Car Ideas

What factors can we explore to change how fast or slow the car will move?

  • What is this graph showing?
  • How can it be made more clear?

Lesson 4

Speed & Motion

By the end of this lesson, you should be able to:

  • Calculate the speed of an object.
  • Describe the motion of an object using speed and direction.
  • Describe the relationship between speed, velocity, and acceleration.

Scientists use SI units to be clear and avoid comfusion.

VS

Lesson 4 (continued)

Speed & Motion

By the end of this lesson, you should be able to:

  • Calculate the speed of an object.
  • Describe the motion of an object using speed and direction.
  • Describe the relationship between speed, velocity, and acceleration.

Terms to know!

Speed

Speed is a measurement of how far something is moving over a certain amount of time.

Velocity

Velocity is both the speed and the direction of an object.

Acceleration

Acceleration describes the rate of change of velecity over time.

Speed x2 ways

Instantaneous Speed

An objects speed at any one specific point in time.

Average Speed

The distance traveled divided by the total time it took.

Speed Vs. Velocity

Acceleration

Acceleration occurs when an object:

  • Increases Speed
  • Decreases Speed
  • Changes Direction

Your Self-Propelled Car

Now that we have learned more about Speed, velocity, and acceleration, what will you use to control the speed of your car?

Science Journal

Read the article on the PA Seatbelt law

In 2003, Pennsylvania abandoned its motorcycle safety law that required motorists to wear a Department of Transportation approved helmet. Should motorcyclists wear a helmet?

Watch the Phenomena Video: Car Collision

Discuss in your group your obervations to the questions in Canvas

Construct a claim statement. Design an experiment that could be used to collect data and support your claim.

What do you know?

What do you know about the graph on the right?

Lesson 5

Graphing Speed

By the end of this lesson, you should be able to:

  • measure and graph distance versus time for an object moving at a constant speed.
  • interpret the relationship of distance versus time graphs.

Distance-Time Graphing

Distance-time Graphs are used to show a change in an objects distance traveled over a period of time

  • Time is plotted on the x-axis (the independed variable)
  • Distance or position is plotted on the y-axis (the dependet variable)

Graphing Speed!

The slope of the line equals the speed of the object.

No Change in slope = No Change in Speed

The slope is constant therefore, the speed is constant

  • Steeper slope=faster constant speed
  • Flatter slope= slower constant speed
  • Is graph C showing constant speed?

A Horizontal Slope = Zero Speed

The object is not changing its position over time.

  • Speed is zero
  • There is no motion

A Change in the Slope= A Change in the Speed

  • The slopes are changing,
  • The objects are changing speed
  • this is caused non uniform motion

Negative Slope

  • Distance - time graphs do not ever have a negative slope because distance over time does not decrease. Position - time graphs can however.

Negative Slope

  • Distance - time graphs do not ever have a negative slope because distance over time does not decrease. Position - time graphs can however.

What is wrong with this graph??

What is wrong with this graph??

Activity

Complete the graphing speed activity in canvas

Lesson 6

Energy Transfer

By the end of this lesson, you should be able to:

  • Identify examples of the law of conservation of energy.
  • Determine situations where kinetic energy is transformed into potential energy.
  • Differentiate between potential and kinetic energy.
  • Describe the transformation of energy from one form to another.

Create a Mind Map

What do you know about ENERGY?

There are many forms of Energy

Explore!

Write a title here

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit, sed diam nonummy nibh euismod tincidunt ut laoreet dolore magna aliquam erat volutpat. Ut wisi enim ad minim veniam.Ut wisi enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exerci tation ullamcorper suscipit lobortis nisl ut aliquip ex ea

Energy Transfer

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit, sed diam nonummy nibh euismod tincidunt ut laoreet dolore magna aliquam erat volutpat. Ut wisi enim ad minim veniam.Ut wisi enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exerci tation ullamcorper suscipit lobortis nisl ut aliquip ex ea

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