The Middle Ages

WELCOME TO THE MIDDLE AGES

By teacher María

LET'S START!

In 476, V century, the Western Roman Empire was defeated. THIS IS THE START OF THE MIDDLE AGES

WE DISCOVER THE MIDDLE AGES

AL- ANDALUS

LIFE IN AL- ANLALUS

THE VISIGOTHS

CHRISTIAN KINGDOMS

LIFE IN THE CHRISTIAN KINGDOMS

GERMANIC TRIBES

They came from the North of Europe: -Alans - Vandals -Suevis -Visigoths

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THE VISIGOTHS

Romans ask Visigoths for help to defend Hispania. When they succeeded they decided to stay in the Península Ibérica. Visigoths stablished the capital of their kingdom in Toledo. They adopted latin as their language and the Christianism as their religion.

Society in the Middle Ages

AL-ANDALUS

The Islamic Empire was governed by the caliph, the political and religious leader.In 711, Muslims crossed the Estrecho de Gibraltar and defeated the Visigoth king Rodrigo in the Battle of Guadalete. Córdoba became the capital of Al- Andalus.

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4 STAGES IN AL-ANDALUS HISTORY

1. Emirate: Abd al-Rahman I proclaimed himself independent emir. 2. Caliphate: Abd al- Rahman III was proclaimed caliph. The General Al-Mansur started to attack Christian kingdoms. 3. The Taifa States: Al- Andalus broke into small kingdoms, called taifas. Christians took advantage and defeated the Muslims at the Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa (1212) 4. Reino Nazarí de Granada: In 1492, Granada, the last Muslim territory was conquered by the Reyes Católicos.

THE CHRISTIAN KINGDOMS

Many Visigoths decided to go to the North of the Península Ibérica to take refuge. Evolution of the main kingdoms: - Reino de Asturias --> Reino de León --> Reino de Castilla. - Reino de Navarra. -Counties of Aragón and Cataluña. In the XI century the Christians began to conquer Muslim territories. The great victory was the Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa (1212). Since then, they started the period called the repopulation. In 1492 the Reyes Católicos ended the Muslim rule in Granada.

LIFE IN AL-ANDALUS

Society

Religion

Daily life

RELIGION

ISLAM

MAIN CHARACTERISTICS

religious building

god

Holy book

mosques

allah

Quran

SOCIETY

THERE WERE 4 MAIN GROUPS

muslims

mozarabs

muladíes

Jews

CHRISTIANS IN AL-ANDALUS

christians who converted to islam

THE MINORITY. THEY LIVED IN THE JUDERÍAS

The most powerful group

DAILY LIFE

IN THE COUNTRYSIDE

IN THE CITY

IMPORTANT BUILDINGS:- mOSQUES - SOUK - DEFENSIVE WALL -ALCÁZAR

craftpeople and merchants lived here

THEY WORKED IN CROP FARMING. tHEY INTRODUCED CROPS AS RICE.

nEW INVENTIONS: WATER WHEEL AND IRRIGATION DITCHES

muladíes

LIFE IN THE CHRISTIAN KINGDOMS

Life in the countryside

Society

Life in the city

SOCIETY

Nobility Knights and ladies. They lived in castles and protected the king: vassalage

Clergy Bishops, monks, nuns...There were churches and big monasteries.

Workers Peasants Serfs (had no rights). Craftpeople and merchants.

LIFE IN THE COUNTRYSIDE

IN THE COUNTRYSIDE

IN THE CASTLE

THEY WERE FORTRESSES PROTECTED BY WALLS, MOATS AND DRAWBRIDGES.

NOBLES, SOLDIERS AND THEIR SERFS lived here

PEASANTS LIVED IN SMALL HOUSES WITH THEIR ANIMALS.

THEY HAD TO PAY TAXES TO THE KING, CHURCH OR THE LANDOWNER

LIFE IN THE CITY

IT WAS SURROUNDED BY WALLS

MAIN CHARACTERISTICS

THE STREETS WERE NARROW AND DIRTY

MERCHANTS AND CRAFTPEOPLE (craft workshops) WERE CALLED BOURGEOISIE

IMPORTANT BUILDINGS:- palaceS - cathedral - universities

important events took place in the main market square

muladíes