Pavlov, Watson and Skinner

Pavlov, Watson and Skinner

A new trend of the XX century: Behaviorism

TANGUY Maylis WACHTEL Alix

22/10/2023

English Project

Pavlov

(1849-1936)

Discovery = Classical Conditioning 1890

Explore how organisms acquire new behaviors and responses with a bond between stimuli.

Unconditioned stimulus = innate stimulusUnconditioned response = natural response Conditioned stimulus = stimulus learned Conditioned response = response expected

Pavlov

Extinction = conditioned stimulus not followed by unconditioned stimulus Spontaneous recovery = conditioned stimulus reappeared after a period of lackExtinction burst = conditioned stimulus increases instead during the extinction process

Pavlovian conditioning is the concept of associative learning

John Broadus Watson

(1878-1958)

Behaviorism = school of thought that draws attention to the importance of observable behaviors

≠ thoughts, consciousness

Reactions can be inherited (Pavlov) OR linked to our personal experience (Watson)

John Broadus Watson

LITTLE ALBERT'S EXPERIMENT

Monkey, rabbit, white rat, burning newspapers, mask

→ environment in which the child grows up is determinant

Psychological care of infant and child (1913)

Skinner

(1904-1990)

pioneer of behaviorism's science

Discovery = Operant Conditioning in 1890

- method of learning - determines the proba of actions being repeated

Reinforcement

Punishment

Increase the repetition

Decrease the repetition

Skinner

Skinner Box in 1930

Representation of Positive Reinforcement

ABC of behavior: - A = Antecedent - B = Behavior - C = Consequence

Behaviorism Today

Teaching theory

Importance of behavior and observation

Helps people suffering from: - ASD -ADHD -anxiety -depression

Keys to retain 1

Concept of involuntary behavior- new association between the initially neutral stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus

WATSON

Classical conditioning

PAVLOV

Operant conditioning

SKINNER

Method of learning that employs rewards and punishments for behavior

Keys to retain 2

The influence of personal experience on reactions to a stimuli

Little Albert

Skinner box

There are some inherited behavior to a stimuli

Pavlov’s dog

Positive reinforcement increases the probability of a certain behavior

Keys to retain 3

innate stimulus

Conditioned stimulus

response expected

Unconditioned response

stimulus learned

Unconditioned stimulus

natural response

Conditioned response