Anatomy Unit 1

HAP

2023/2024

Unit 1 Introduction to Anatomy, Body Organization & Orientation

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"The human body is a river of intelligence, energy and information that is constantly renewing itself in every second of its existence. -Deepak Chopra

Basic Overall Body Structure

Online Resources

Standards

Vocabulary

What are the levels of organization?

Histology

Homeostasis

Terms of Orientation

Microscopy

How do we correctly use microscopes to observe cells & tissues?

In general, how does the body maintain internal balance?

What are the four main tissue types?

How do we describe where things are?

Georgia Standards of Excellence

SAP1. Obtain, evaluate, and communicate information to analyze anatomical structures of the human body. a. Develop and use models to demonstrate the orientation of structures and regions of the human body. b. Construct an explanation about the relationship between a body structure (i.e., cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems) and its function within the human body.

Body areas:cephaliccervicalthoracicabdominalpelvicpubicpedaldorsalaxialappendicular Body planes: medial (midsaggital)frontal (coronal)transverse

Unit 1 Vocabulary

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homeostasisnegative feedbackpositive feedbackDirectional terms: superior (cranial)inferior (caudal)anterior (ventral)posterior (dorsal)medial lateralintermediateproximaldistalsuperficial (external)deep (internal)

Vocab Resources

Anatomical Terminology at NIH

Quizlet (that I didn't write)

Anatomical Terms Video

Organization of the Human Body

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Smallest --> largest Simple --> complex exclusive-- > inclusive

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atoms-- tiniest building blocks of matter combine to forms molecules, like water and proteins

Molecules associate in specific ways to form cell structures and organelles.

Organelles are the basic components of cells.

Cells have some common functions, but human cells vary widely in their size and shape, leading to their unique functions

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In complex organisms, cells of similar type that have common functions make up tissues.

An organ is a separate structure made up of at least 2 tissue types.

Organs are responsible for functions that have a higher level of complexity.

Organs that work together to perform a common purpose make up an organ system.

Orientation of the Body

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Surfaces, Regions, Planes, Directions, Relative Locations

For humans, dorsal = posterior and ventral = anterior

Orientation of the Body

A lot of times, x-rays are seen along a frontal plane while CT scans are seen along a transverse plane. If a sagittal plane goes directly through the middle, it is the midsagittal plane.

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Some of the major anatomical regions

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cephalic/cranial

cervical

thoracic

axial-- refers to the main axis, head & spine appendicular-- refers to the appendages

abdominal

pelvic

pubic

pedal

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Cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems all have functions that work together to maintain internal stability and balance

The body senses and responds to internal and external stimuli.

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Histology All about tissue- the body's living fabric

Epithelial Tissue covers all body surfaces, lines cavities, lines organs, and forms glands

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simple- single layer stratified- two or more layers squamous- flat, squished cuboidal- box-like, square shaped columnar- tall & column shaped

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Connective Tissues-- serve in the body for binding and supporting, protecting, insulating, storing reserve fuel, transporting substances.

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Muscle Tissue-- responsible for most body movement (can be voluntary or involuntary)

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Microscopes

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Compound Light Microscopes- magnify up to 1000x, specimens should be thin and somewhat transparent Stereo Microscopes (dissecting microscopes)-- magnify about 300x, binocular, give 3D image of larger specimens Transmission Electron Microscopes (TEM)-- magnify 10,000x or more (can magnify up to 1,000,000x), specimens must be specially prepared, no live specimens, good for very detailed 2D images and interior details of cells Scanning Electron Microscopes (SEM)-- can magnify up to 3,000,000x, gives striking 3D images of objects