Learning Theories
Behaviorism
Charateristics
Major Theorist
- Careful analysis of student's needs and behaviors
- Provide praise and rewards
- Provide corrective feedback and repeat desired behaviors
- Model behaviors when student can use new skills
(Ornstein & Hunkins, 2017)
Thorndike, Pavlov, Watson, Guthrie, Hull, Tolman, Skinner (Gould, 2021)
Role of Memory
How learning occurs and types of learning best explained
"Cognitive factors are unecessary when explaining learning. through modeling students can learn to perform at sophisticated levels" (Ornstein & Hunkins, 2017)
Cognitivism
Charateristics
Major Theorist
- Development happens in stages
- Mental operations are sequential and stages are heirarchial
(Ornstein & Hunkins, 2017)
Koffka, Kohler, Lewin, Piaget, Ausubel, Bruner, Gagne (Gould, 2021)
Role of Memory
New cognitive structures have to be developed and modified and then balanced out what is to be understood.(Ornstein & Hunkins, 2017)
How learning occurs and types of learning best explained
Constructivism
Charateristics
Major Theorist
- The learner is a key player
- The learner is not passive
- The learner must connect to learning
(Ornstein & Hunkins, 2017)
Vygotsky, Piage, Bruner (Orenstein & Hunkins, 2017)
Role of Memory
How learning occurs and types of learning best explained
Learning is connected to prior knowledge and metacognition is taking place.
Behaviorism
How does learning occur and types of learning...
Learning occurs through conditioning and altering the environment as a response to stimuli. Types of Learning: Signal learning (classical conditioning, a response to a given signal) Stimulus-response (operant conditioning [S-R], a response to a given stimulus). Motor chains (linking together two or more S-R connections to form a more complex skill) Verbal association (linking two or more words or ideas Multiple discriminations (responding in different ways to different items of a particular set) Concepts (reacting to stimuli in an abstract way) Rules (chaining two or more stimulus situations or concepts) Problem solving (combining known rules or principles into new elements to solve a problem). (Ornstein & Hunkins, 2017)
Cognitivism
How does learning occur and types of learning...
-Learning occurs through continutity, sequence and integration. Types of Learning As a child moves through the stages of development they go through learning stages.
Constructivism
How does learning occur and types of learning...
Learning occurs through connections to prior knowledge. Students connect to learning through things they already understand. Types of Learning Problem Solving and Creative Thinking Intuitive Thinking Discovery Learning Critical Thinking (Ornstein & Hunkins, 2017)
Resources
Cherry, K. (2022). Piaget's 4 Stages of Cognitive Development Explained. Verywell Mind. https://www.verywellmind.com/piagets-stages-of-cognitive-development-2795457
Gould, M. (2021). Learning Process. Salem Press Encyclopedia.
Ornstein, A., Hunkins, F., (2017). Curriculum: foundations, principles, and issues (7th ed.). Pearson.
Learning Theories Part 1
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EDU-522
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Transcript
Learning Theories
Behaviorism
Charateristics
Major Theorist
- Careful analysis of student's needs and behaviors
- Provide praise and rewards
- Provide corrective feedback and repeat desired behaviors
- Model behaviors when student can use new skills
(Ornstein & Hunkins, 2017)Thorndike, Pavlov, Watson, Guthrie, Hull, Tolman, Skinner (Gould, 2021)
Role of Memory
How learning occurs and types of learning best explained
"Cognitive factors are unecessary when explaining learning. through modeling students can learn to perform at sophisticated levels" (Ornstein & Hunkins, 2017)
Cognitivism
Charateristics
Major Theorist
- Development happens in stages
- Mental operations are sequential and stages are heirarchial
(Ornstein & Hunkins, 2017)Koffka, Kohler, Lewin, Piaget, Ausubel, Bruner, Gagne (Gould, 2021)
Role of Memory
New cognitive structures have to be developed and modified and then balanced out what is to be understood.(Ornstein & Hunkins, 2017)
How learning occurs and types of learning best explained
Constructivism
Charateristics
Major Theorist
- The learner is a key player
- The learner is not passive
- The learner must connect to learning
(Ornstein & Hunkins, 2017)Vygotsky, Piage, Bruner (Orenstein & Hunkins, 2017)
Role of Memory
How learning occurs and types of learning best explained
Learning is connected to prior knowledge and metacognition is taking place.
Behaviorism
How does learning occur and types of learning...
Learning occurs through conditioning and altering the environment as a response to stimuli. Types of Learning: Signal learning (classical conditioning, a response to a given signal) Stimulus-response (operant conditioning [S-R], a response to a given stimulus). Motor chains (linking together two or more S-R connections to form a more complex skill) Verbal association (linking two or more words or ideas Multiple discriminations (responding in different ways to different items of a particular set) Concepts (reacting to stimuli in an abstract way) Rules (chaining two or more stimulus situations or concepts) Problem solving (combining known rules or principles into new elements to solve a problem). (Ornstein & Hunkins, 2017)
Cognitivism
How does learning occur and types of learning...
-Learning occurs through continutity, sequence and integration. Types of Learning As a child moves through the stages of development they go through learning stages.
Constructivism
How does learning occur and types of learning...
Learning occurs through connections to prior knowledge. Students connect to learning through things they already understand. Types of Learning Problem Solving and Creative Thinking Intuitive Thinking Discovery Learning Critical Thinking (Ornstein & Hunkins, 2017)
Resources
Cherry, K. (2022). Piaget's 4 Stages of Cognitive Development Explained. Verywell Mind. https://www.verywellmind.com/piagets-stages-of-cognitive-development-2795457
Gould, M. (2021). Learning Process. Salem Press Encyclopedia.
Ornstein, A., Hunkins, F., (2017). Curriculum: foundations, principles, and issues (7th ed.). Pearson.