CHF Presentation_Group 2

congestive heart failure

Presentors:Abundo, Ellaine Loderico, Jeza Zamora, Jona Mae

GROUP 2Ancheta, Gian Falcis, Pitmark Molod, Sarahly Ognita, Zildjean Segobre, Marco Pestano, Patrick

Introduction

Data

Pathophysiology

Diagnosis

Treatment

ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF THE HEART

Heart Structure

4 Chambers Separated by Septum 4 Valves

How does the healthy heart works?

From body to heart

From heart to lungs

From heart to the body

From lungs to the heart

What is HEART FAILURE?

• the inability of the heart to maintain sufficient cardiac output to optimally meet metabolic demands of tissues and organs, and is the end stage of most cardiac diseases.
• If the contracting ability of the heart is impaired, then blood flow to the systemic circulation will be reduced, and congestion of blood can occur in the pulmonary venous circulation. In patients with HF, these symptoms of fluid overload are described as CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE (CHF), a term used as a diagnosis in some cases.

Types of Heart Failure

LEFT SIDED HF

- a condition that impairs the left ventricle’s ability to pump blood, the left side must work harder to pump the same amount of blood. The percentage of blood the heart can pump with each beat is measured by a unit called ejection fraction, or EF.

Pulmonary s/sx predominate

RIGHT SIDED HF

- because the right and left ventricles funtion in series, left HF increases the workload on the right ventricle; consequently the right ventricle may fail

Systemic s/sx predominate

What is EJECTION FRACTION?

New York Heart Association (NYHA) Functional Classification

IV

Unable to carry on any physical activity without discomfort. Symptoms of heart failure at rest. If any physical activity is undertaken, discomfort increases.

III

Marked limitation of physical activity. Comfortable at rest. Less than ordinary activity causes fatigue, palpitation, or dyspnea.

II

Slight limitation of physical activity. Comfortable at rest. Ordinary physical activity results in fatigue, palpitation, dyspnea (shortness of breath).

No limitation of physical activity. Ordinary physical activity does not cause undue fatigue, palpitation, dyspnea (shortness of breath).

Objective Assessment

BObjective evidence of minimal cardiovascular disease. Mild symptoms and slight limitation during ordinary activity. Comfortable at rest.

DObjective evidence of severe cardiovascular disease. Severe limitations. Experiences symptoms even while at rest.

ANo objective evidence of cardiovascular disease. No symptoms and no limitation in ordinary physical activity.

CObjective evidence of moderately severe cardiovascular disease. Marked limitation in activity due to symptoms, even during less-than-ordinary activity. Comfortable only at rest.

Predisposing Factors

Age >40y/o (>55 - men; >65 women) Family History Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) Myocardial Infarction (MI) Hypertension Severe Lung Disease Diabetes Mellitus (DM)

Precipitating Factors

Excessive Smoking

14.2k

Obesity Diet (High Salt, High Fat)

Excessive Alcohol Intake

Physical Inactivity