GMO PRESENTATION

gmo: Genetically Modified Organisms

START

what are they?

OGM:organisms whose genetic material has been artificially modified for the insertion of genes or sequences, or through the use of biotechnology, or genetic engineering techniques using living organisms, or the molecules they produce

Transgenic animals

• Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer
• Gene targeting
• gene editing
• Pronuclear Microinjection

• medical research
• transplantation

GMOs in the agri-food sector

results:

• better quality and nutritional power
• resistance to disease and pests

• production of pharmaceutical active molecules

objectives:

• environmental protection

• consumer health

the most common GMOs:

• BT corn
• bt cotton
• soybeans
• Rapeseed
• golden rice which is a variant of rice which contains a lot of beta-carotene that our body transforms into vitamin A

techniques

• Agrobacterium Tumefaciens technique
• biolistic method
• gene editing

Agrobacterium Tumefaciens

• exploit the ability to react with the plant
• modify the plasmid Ti
• remove genes that synthesize pathogens
• introduce genes of interest

BT corn(piralide resistant)

• genes of the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis
• delta-endotoxins kill the parasites
• The modified Agrobacterium plasmid
• interacts with the corn plant, modifying its genome

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Biolistic method

• helium is inserted into a pressure chamber that has a pressure-resistant membrane
• gold powder that attaches to the gene of interest deposited under the membrane
• helium at a certain pressure breaks the membrane and the stream of helium carries the gold dust and the affected gene and will hit the leaf of the plant by changing it

pros and cons

potencial benefits and ethical problems of GMOs in agriculture

• Increased crop yields
• Herbicide tolerance
• Improved nutritional content
• Extended shelf life
• Environmental sustainability

• Environmental impact
• Safety
• Ownership and control of genetic resources
• Social and economic impacts

VS

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