Methods and approaches in language teaching
By. Laura Carolina Moreno Contreras
Grammar Translation
It is one of the oldest methods used for teaching a second language.
One of its main goals is to enable the student to translate from one language to another.
The teacher is the ultimate authority in the classroom.
The focus is on grammar.
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Direct Method
It is an old method that arose due to the lack of a method aimed at teaching the language with a communicative purpose.
Main characteristics:
The purpose of language learning is communication.
Its main rule is “not translation is allowed.”
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Uses objects (e.g., pictures) in the classroom environment to help students understand meaning.
+ INFO
The Audio-Lingual Method
It has an oral-based approach.
The teacher is seen as a role model.
Main characteristics:
It has a strong theoretical base in linguistics and psychology.
Errors are immediately corrected.
Vocabulary acquisition is based on exposing the learner to situations.
The Silent Way
Main characteristics
The teacher should start with something the students already know and build from that to the unknown
It has a cognitive approach.
The teacher only gives the necessary help because the student already knows how to learn a language.
According to this model, the language is not learned by repeating following a model, but by the student creating his own 'inner criteria'.
A student can learn from what is present in the environment, even if his attention is not directed to it
Desuggestopedia
Students must respect and believe in the teacher to better retain information.
The teacher needs to use 'positive suggestions'.
Más
Community Language Learning
Whole-person learning means that teachers consider not only their students’ intellect, but they also have some understanding of the relationship among students’ feelings, physical reactions, instinctive protective reactions, and desire to learn.
Main characteristics
Sees the student as a 'whole person.'
Language is for communication.
Total Physical Response
Focuses on how children learn their first language.
Main characteristics:
Language understanding comes before speaking.
It has a listening approach.
It is very important that students feel successful. Feelings of success and low anxiety facilitate learning.
Communicative Language Teaching
Main characteristics
The emphasis is on the process of communication rather than just mastery of language forms.
Language is used in a real context.
They must learn about cohesion and coherence, those properties of language which bind the sentences together.
Errors are tolerated.
Content-based Instruction
It has a task-based and a participatory approach.
Its motto is "using English to learn it".
Language is learned most effectively when it is used as a medium to convey content of interest to the students.
Learning Strategy Training, Cooperative Learning, and Multiple Intelligences:
The students’ prior knowledge and learning experiences should be valued and built upon.
They are not full-blown methods, and their main concern is the language learner.
The teacher’s job is not only to teach language, but to teach learning.
+ INFO
Emerging Uses of Technology in Language Teaching and Learning
Main characteristics
Students work on authentic language, which comes from interactions with others through online or virtual communities.
Language learning takes place through social interaction.
Technology provides learners with greater access to the target language.
Technology has enabled teachers to find authentic written, audio, and visual texts on most any topic imaginable.
References
Bibliography
Larsen- Freeman, D. and Anderson, M. (2011). Techniques & principles in language teaching. New York: OXFORD. Retrieved from: https://acasearch.files.wordpress.com/2015/03/techniques-in-language-teaching.pdf
Methods and approaches in language teaching
Carolina Moreno
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Transcript
Methods and approaches in language teaching
By. Laura Carolina Moreno Contreras
Grammar Translation
It is one of the oldest methods used for teaching a second language.
One of its main goals is to enable the student to translate from one language to another.
The teacher is the ultimate authority in the classroom.
The focus is on grammar.
+ INFO
+ INFO
+ INFO
Direct Method
It is an old method that arose due to the lack of a method aimed at teaching the language with a communicative purpose.
Main characteristics:
The purpose of language learning is communication.
Its main rule is “not translation is allowed.”
+ INFO
Uses objects (e.g., pictures) in the classroom environment to help students understand meaning.
+ INFO
The Audio-Lingual Method
It has an oral-based approach.
The teacher is seen as a role model.
Main characteristics:
It has a strong theoretical base in linguistics and psychology.
Errors are immediately corrected.
Vocabulary acquisition is based on exposing the learner to situations.
The Silent Way
Main characteristics
The teacher should start with something the students already know and build from that to the unknown
It has a cognitive approach.
The teacher only gives the necessary help because the student already knows how to learn a language.
According to this model, the language is not learned by repeating following a model, but by the student creating his own 'inner criteria'.
A student can learn from what is present in the environment, even if his attention is not directed to it
Desuggestopedia
Students must respect and believe in the teacher to better retain information.
The teacher needs to use 'positive suggestions'.
Más
Community Language Learning
Whole-person learning means that teachers consider not only their students’ intellect, but they also have some understanding of the relationship among students’ feelings, physical reactions, instinctive protective reactions, and desire to learn.
Main characteristics
Sees the student as a 'whole person.'
Language is for communication.
Total Physical Response
Focuses on how children learn their first language.
Main characteristics:
Language understanding comes before speaking.
It has a listening approach.
It is very important that students feel successful. Feelings of success and low anxiety facilitate learning.
Communicative Language Teaching
Main characteristics
The emphasis is on the process of communication rather than just mastery of language forms.
Language is used in a real context.
They must learn about cohesion and coherence, those properties of language which bind the sentences together.
Errors are tolerated.
Content-based Instruction
It has a task-based and a participatory approach.
Its motto is "using English to learn it".
Language is learned most effectively when it is used as a medium to convey content of interest to the students.
Learning Strategy Training, Cooperative Learning, and Multiple Intelligences:
The students’ prior knowledge and learning experiences should be valued and built upon.
They are not full-blown methods, and their main concern is the language learner.
The teacher’s job is not only to teach language, but to teach learning.
+ INFO
Emerging Uses of Technology in Language Teaching and Learning
Main characteristics
Students work on authentic language, which comes from interactions with others through online or virtual communities.
Language learning takes place through social interaction.
Technology provides learners with greater access to the target language.
Technology has enabled teachers to find authentic written, audio, and visual texts on most any topic imaginable.
References
Bibliography
Larsen- Freeman, D. and Anderson, M. (2011). Techniques & principles in language teaching. New York: OXFORD. Retrieved from: https://acasearch.files.wordpress.com/2015/03/techniques-in-language-teaching.pdf