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Language and the Brain

Adquisicion 2022 INSPT-UTN

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LANGUAGE AND THE BRAIN

THEORIES OF ACQUISITION 2025

Broca's aphasia

nEUROLINGUISTICS

Wernicke's aphasia

Brain Areas for Logographic and Tonal Languages

language areas in the brain

index

Localisation View

Mirror Neuron System

THE BENEFITS OF A BILINGUAL BRAIN

NEUROLINGUISTICS

Neurolinguistics is the branch of linguistics that analyzes the language impairments that follow brain damage in terms of the principles of language structure.

Basso, A., 2013, Rehabilitation of aphasia, Handbook of Clinical Neurology, Elsevier, pages 325-334

Neurolinguistics, the study of the neurological mechanisms underlying the storage and processing of language.

Retrieved from Britannica, T. Editors of Encyclopaedia (2015, October 15). neurolinguistics. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/science/neurolinguistics

Broca's

Motor Cortex

Arcuate fasciculus

Wernicke's

language areas in the brain

Left hemisphere

Localisation View

Specific aspects of language ability belong to specific locations in the brain. It has been used to suggest that the brain activity involved in hearing a word, understanding it, then saying it, would follow a definite pattern. The word is heard and comprehended via Wernicke’s area. This signal is then transferred via the arcuate fasciculus to Broca’s area where preparations are made to generate a spoken version of the word. A signal is then sent to part of the motor cortex to physically articulate the word.

oversimplified version

Broca's aphasia

Also called “motor aphasia”.Characterized by a substantially reduced amount of speech, distorted articulation and slow, often effortful speech. What is said often consists almost entirely of lexical morphemes (mostly nouns, verbs and adjectives). The frequent omission of functional morphemes (e.g. articles, prepositions) and inflectional morphemes (e.g. plural - s, past tense -ed) has led to the characterization of this type of aphasic speech as lacking grammatical forms, or “agrammatic.” In agrammatic speech, the grammatical markers are missing.

Broca's Area

Wernicke's aphasia

The type of language disorder that results in difficulties in auditory comprehension is sometimes called “sensory aphasia,” but is more commonly known as Wernicke’s aphasia. Someone suffering from this disorder can actually produce very fluent speech which is, however, often difficult to understand.

Wernicke's

HOT SKULL ---> https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YzkYZZtUgK0

Brain Areas for Logographic and Tonal Languages

Tonal language

Logographic Language

a language in which pitch is used as a part of speech, changing the meaning of a word.

In a written language, a logogram, logograph, or lexigraph is a written character that represents a word or morpheme. Writing systems that make use of logograms include Chinese, Egyptian hieroglyphic writing, and early cuneiform writing systems.

Mirror neuron system

MNS

Similar brain areas process both the production and perception of movement. Mirror neurons are responsible for helping babies and toddlers imitate the movements, facial expressions, emotions, and sounds of their caregivers. Subsequent studies suggest that the mirror neuron system also helps infants develop the neural networks that link the words they hear to actions of adults they see in their environment.

To some degree language acquisition is dependent on imitation. Babies and toddlers listen closely to the sounds in their environment as their brain records those that are present more frequently than others. Eventually the toddler begins to repeat these sounds.

THE BENEFITS OF A BILINGUAL BRAIN

BILINGUALS ACTIVATE MORE REGIONS IN THE BRAIN

HIGHER DENSITY IN GRAY MATTER AND IN CORPUS CALLOSUM

Thanks

Chinese speakers use more of their brain than English speakers

According to a recent study published in the Proceedings for the National Academy of Sciences, those who speak tonal languages use both hemispheres of the brain rather than just the left, which has long been seen as the primary neurological region for processing language. (Kuo, 2022)