CULTURE RELATIVISM IN AESTHETIC

art & anthropology-Cultural relativism

Presentation

Table of contents

1. Cultural Relativism

2. Cultural Relativism & Historical Particularism

7. Fashion and Clothing Through the Decades

8. 1880's French Fashion

3. Cultural Relativism in Aesthetic

9. Batok, The Art of The Tattoo

4. Culture, Beauty, and The Female Body

5. The Art of Pleasure in Hindu Culture and Religion

6. Aesthetic Relativism in Pop Culture

what is anthropology?

Anthropology is the study of human societies and cultures and their development.

cultural relativism

"Man is born free, and he is everywhere in chains"

Jean Jacques Rousseau

what was the book all about?

In his book "Social Contract", Rousseau argued that man were freer in the state of savagery, acting only on their instinct while the development of civilization had actually led to a decrease in happiness. The book also suggest that in order to attain freedom, man should live in a state that is as close to nature as possible.

Social Contract 1895

social philosophy

state of nature

savagery (people against one another)

society

civilization (people in communities) -Culture -tradition -law -custom -convention

judgement of moralityperception and concept of beauty

theoryon the origin of society (social contract 1895)

ethnocentrism

texts from the book

It seems that primitive men “having no moral relations or determinate obligations … could not be either good or bad, virtuous or vicious” (Rousseau, 20071: 113)

By living with his wife and family, man discovers love and thus develops the ideas of beauty and merit, giving rise to competition, as well as vanity, contempt, shame and envy. “With love arose jealousy; discord triumphed, and human blood was sacrificed to the gentlest of all passions.”

cultural relativism & HIstorical particularism

CULTURAL RELATIVISM & HISTORICAL PARTICULARISM

"If I were to select the most intelligent, imaginative, energetic, and emotionally stable third of mankind, all races would be present."

Franz Boas

what was the book all about?

Franz Boas reviewed the the initial Anthropology and Moden Life 1929 book that was used widely by conventional Anthropologists, he argued that the "Comparative Method" is limited and mostly ethnocentric.

Anthropology and Modern Life by Franz Boas 1858-1952

the 4 limitations of the comparative method

It is impossible to account for similarity in all the types of culture by claiming that they are so because of the unity of the human mind.

The existence like traits in different cultures in not as important as the comparative school claims.

Similar traits may have developed for very different purpose in differing cultures.

The view that cultural differences are of minor importance is baseless. The differences between cultures are of major anthropological significance.

cultural relativism in aesthetic

PERCEPTION(Conception of BEAUTY)

CULTURE(People in Society)

"Beauty is in the culturally conditioned eye of the beholder"

CULTURAL RELATIVISM IN AESTHETIC

CULTURE, BEAUTY, AND THE FEMALE BODY

cultural standard of the beauty of women

MAURITANIAN WOMEN

Beauty in Mauritania (West Africa) is held to the, “big is beautiful and stretch marks are sexy” standard. There, obesity is viewed as a sign of wealth and status. Girls are encouraged from a young age to gain weight in order to fulfill their culture's perception of beauty.

CULTURE, BEAUTY, AND THE FEMALE BODY

MURSI WOMEN

Mursi women from Suri People (Africa) are famous for their wooden lip plates – a symbol of beauty and identity. A girl's lower lip is cut (sometimes by her mother) when she reaches 15 or 16, and held open by a sodden plug until it heals. It's up to the girls how far they want the lip to be stretched.

CULTURE, BEAUTY, AND THE FEMALE BODY

PADAUNG WOMEN

The Padaung women of Myanmar were famous for stretching their necks—by means of coiled brass neck rings—to a length of about 15 inches (38 cm), pushing down the collarbone, compressing the rib cage, and pulling up about four thoracic vertebrae into the neck.

CULTURE, BEAUTY, AND THE FEMALE BODY

FOOT BINDING (CHINA)

footbinding, a cultural practice, existing in China from the 10th century until the establishment of the Peoples Republic of China in 1949, that involved tightly bandaging the feet of women to alter their shape for aesthetic purposes.

CULTURE, BEAUTY, AND THE FEMALE BODY

NEW ZEALAND'S LIP TATTOO CULTURE

Tā moko for men and women. Moko kauae - are received by women on their lips and chin. A moko kauae represents a woman's whānau and leadership within her community, recognising her whakapapa, status, and abilities.

CULTURE, BEAUTY, AND THE FEMALE BODY

modern lotus feet

TIIS GANDA?

WEH?

THE ART OF PLEASURE IN HINDU CULTURE AND RELIGION

BASIC CONCEPTS IN HINDU LIFE AND RELIGION

FOUR GOALS OF LIFE

TWO LAWS OF LIFE

-DHARMA Duty in family and society -ARTHA Accumulation of Wealth and Riches -KAMA Experience of Pleasure -MOKSHA Spiritual Release

-SAMSARA Law of Reincarnation -KARMA Law of Cause and Effect

CULTURAL RELATIVISM IN AESTHETIC

BASIC CONCEPTS IN HINDU LIFE AND RELIGION

CULTURAL RELATIVISM IN AESTHETIC

BASIC CONCEPTS IN HINDU LIFE AND RELIGION

CULTURAL RELATIVISM IN AESTHETIC

what was the book all about?

The Kama Sutra was written in ancient Sanskrit in India, dated to 400 BCE–200 CE and attributed to an Indian philosopher, Vatsyayana. In Sanskrit, sutra literally means “thread” but also refers to a “text.” Kama variously means “desire, pleasure, love, or sex” and is the name of the god of erotic love.

KAMA SUTRA 400 BCE- 200 CE (Book of Sex)

ANEKAPARIGRAHA(Sacred Prostitute)

Fullfills men experience of pleasure, therefore helping them to attain Spiritual Release (MOKSHA)

GEISHA/OIRAN

Geisha, also known as geiko or geigi, are a class of female Japanese performing artists and entertainers trained in traditional Japanese performing arts styles, such as dance, music and singing, as well as being proficient conversationalists and hosts. Oiran is a collective term for the highest-ranking courtesans in Japanese history, who were considered to be above common prostitutes for their more refined entertainment skills and training in the traditional arts.

what was the book all about?

The Pillow Book is a book of observations and musings recorded by Sei Shōnagon during her time as court lady to Empress Consort Teishi during the 990s and early 1000s in Heian-period Japan. The book was completed in the year 1002.

THE PILLOW BOOK (1001)

HENTAI

Hentai are Japanese images or cartoons showing sexual activities

HENTAI means PERVERT

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aEsthetic relativism in pop culture

CULTURAL RELATIVISM IN THE AESTHETICS OF POPULAR CULTURE

TREND , Fashion, fad, The "in" thing Baduy,Bokya, Jologs, Conyo Passing, temporary and recycling conventional concept of beauty

Where's the Eyebrows ?

Shaving the Eyebrows was the fashion of feminine beauty during the Renaissance

CULTURAL RELATIVISM IN THE AESTHETICS OF POPULAR CULTURE

42B Leonardo Ginebra d'Benci

CULTURAL RELATIVISM IN THE AESTHETICS OF POPULAR CULTURE

MODERN STANDARD Armoloso Girl with a basket of mango (1956)

CULTURAL RELATIVISM IN THE AESTHETICS OF POPULAR CULTURE

EYEBROWS OF THE MODERN WOMEN

CULTURAL RELATIVISM IN THE AESTHETICS OF POPULAR CULTURE

Fashion and clothing through the decades

2015

The 10 Biggest Trends of 2015 -Chelsea Boots Took Over. -Sportswear is Alive and Well. -Hender Scheme Led the Natural Leather Wave. -Fabrics Were Washed and Washed Some More. -Sneakers Went All-White. -Denim Was Torn to Shreds. -Pin Badge Invasion. -Grime Went Global.

2010

The 10 Biggest Trends of 2010 -Jeffrey Campbell Lita Shoes. Before there was the Chelsea boot, every self-proclaimed Tumblr girl of the early 2010s owned a pair of Jeffrey Campbell Lita heels. -Bandage Dresses. -Flower Crowns. -Gucci Loafers. -Millennial Pink. -Vinyl Shoes. -Butt-Ripped Jeans.

2000

The 10 Biggest Trends of 2000 -Cargo Pants. -Tiny-Strap Sandals. -Baguette Bags. -Baggy Jeans. -Bucket Hats. -Baby Tanks and Tees -Wedge Mules. -Lime Green. Photo

1990

1980

1970

1960

1880's French fashion

1880's FRENCH FASHION

1880's FRENCH FASHION

1880's FRENCH FASHION

1880's FRENCH FASHION

1880's FRENCH FASHION

CASUAL FILIPINA

FASHION OF CLOTHING OF THE PHILIPPINES DURING THE SPANISH PERIOD Damian Domingo's water color painting showing Filipinos in native clothing

PHILIPPINE OLD FASHION

ILLUSTRADO CLASS

FASHION OF CLOTHING OF THE PHILIPPINES DURING THE SPANISH PERIOD Damian Domingo's water color painting showing Filipinos in native clothing

PHILIPPINE OLD FASHION

STREET VENDOR

FASHION OF CLOTHING OF THE PHILIPPINES DURING THE SPANISH PERIOD Damian Domingo's water color painting showing Filipinos in native clothing

PHILIPPINE OLD FASHION

TAHO VENDOR

FASHION OF CLOTHING OF THE PHILIPPINES DURING THE SPANISH PERIOD Damian Domingo's water color painting showing Filipinos in native clothing

PHILIPPINE OLD FASHION

FISH VENDOR

FASHION OF CLOTHING OF THE PHILIPPINES DURING THE SPANISH PERIOD Damian Domingo's water color painting showing Filipinos in native clothing

PHILIPPINE OLD FASHION

A NATIVE LABORER

FASHION OF CLOTHING OF THE PHILIPPINES DURING THE SPANISH PERIOD Damian Domingo's water color painting showing Filipinos in native clothing

PHILIPPINE OLD FASHION

BATOK: THE ART OF THE TATTOO

THE PINTADOS

Pintados was the term used by Spanish colonists to describe the tattooed indigenous Visayan people. They were found on the islands of Cebu, Bohol, Eastern part o Negros, Samar, Leyte and in the Visayan region. The word itself means “painted” and was first used during the Spanish colonization of the Philippines. -The natives put tattoos which are believed to enhance bodily beauty. -Bodily marking were signs of status, beauty, family and pride. They signify acts of combat, courage and strength. The more tattooed a warrior is, the more he is revered

APO WANG UD MAMBABATOK from Mountain Province

TATTOO IN POPULAR CULTURE

DAVE BATISTA Filipino-American wrestler, Actor

PINTADOS FESTIVAL

art & anthropology-Cultural relativism

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