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AP Bio Unit 1 Review PRESENTATION

Patricia Fortenbaugh

Created on May 1, 2023

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Transcript

Unit 1: Chemistry of Life

Crash Course for AP Biology Exam

START

Topical Index

5. Lipids

1. Water

6. Proteins

2.Elements

7.DNA

3. Carbon

4. Carbs

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1. Water

Water is essential to life! It's unique properties make it necesssary for life as we know it.

  • Polarity
  • Hydrogen Bonding
  • Cohesion
  • Adhesion
  • Capillary Action
  • Surface Tension
  • High Boiling Point
  • Density

LO: Explain how the properties of water that results from its polarity and hydrogen bonding affect its biological function.

2. Elements

CHONPS *Carbon can form 4 stable bonds to create LONG chain macromolecules

LO: Describe the composition of macromolecules required by living organisms.

3. Carbon & Macromolecules

  • Macromolecules are formed through dehydration synthesis reactions.
  • To dehydrate means to remove water.
  • Macromolecules are broken down through hydrolysis reactions.
  • Lysis means to split, so you're using water to split a molecule apart.

LO: Describe the Properties of the monomers and the type of bonds that connect the monomers in biological macromolecules.

4. Carbohydrates

Monomer: monosaccharides

  • Elements:
  • CHO
  • Function:
  • Provide quick energy for cells
  • Forms complex structures like cell walls and exoskeletons of arthropods
  • Example:
  • Glucose, fructose, starch, cellulose, chitin

5. Lipids

Monomer: fatty acids & glycerol

  • Elements:
  • CHO
  • Function:
  • Provide long term energy for cells
  • Forms complex structures like cell membranes
  • Example:
  • oils, butter, waxes, phospholipids, cholesterol

6. Proteins

Monomer: amino acids

  • Elements
  • CHONS
  • Function:
  • catalyze chemical reactions (enzymes)
  • provide structural support
  • regulate the movement of molecules across the cell membrane
  • protect against disease
  • coordinate signaling pathways
  • Example:
  • hemoglobin, lactase, insulin, collagen, elastin

7. Nucleic Acids

Monomer: nucleotides

  • Elements:
  • CHONP
  • Function:
  • genetic material guiding all activities of the cell
  • Central Dogma: protein synthesis
  • Example:
  • DNA
  • RNA

THANKS!