Weather
Sun
Did you know the sun and its position gives us our temperature. It also causes wind to move.
Temperature
Temperature tells us how hot or cold something is.
wo
Daniel Fahrenheit, the German physicist who changed how we measure temperature - India Today
Almanac: Daniel Fahrenheit - CBS News
Third original Fahrenheit thermometer surfaces – The History ...
Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit FRS was a physicist, inventor, and scientific instrument maker.
Wind
All the winds in the world are made by warm air rising and cold air falling.
Warm air
As soon as the warm air leaves the cold air fills in its place.
Cold air
- Stratus
- Cumulus
- Cirrus
- Alto
- Nimbus
https://scied.ucar.edu/learning-zone/clouds/how-clouds-form
Condensation is the process where a gas, like water vapor, changes into a liquid, often on a cold surface.
Evaporation is the process where a liquid changes into a gas (vapor) at the surface, driven by heat energy that gives molecules enough speed to escape, crucial for the water cycle (drying puddles, forming clouds) and cooling (sweat), happening below boiling point and influenced by temperature, humidity, and surface area.
Infiltration is the process by which water on the ground surface enters the soil.
GroundWater is fresh water found underground in the cracks and spaces in soil, sand, and rock
When water seeps into the ground, it's called infiltration, moving from the surface into soil and rock pores to become groundwater, a vital part of the water cycle that nourishes plants, fills aquifers, and eventually returns to the surface or oceans as springs or streams.
Runoff Runoff is excess water from rain, snowmelt, or irrigation that flows over land, carrying pollutants and sediment into streams, rivers, and oceans, impacting water quality and increasing flood risk, though it also replenishes water sources; it's a key part of the water cycle
Transpiration Transpiration is the process where plants absorb water through their roots and then release water vapor from their leaves, stems, and flowers, essentially "sweating" to cool themselves, regulate internal pressure, and transport nutrients. It's a crucial part of the water cycle, accounting for about 10% of atmospheric moisture, and its rate is affected by humidity, temperature, and sunlight, with stomata (pores) controlling water loss.
A barometer is a scientific instrument that measures atmospheric pressure, used primarily to forecast short-term weather changes: rising pressure often means fair weather, while falling pressure signals worsening conditions like storms. Invented by Evangelista Torricelli in 1643, modern versions also using digital sensors for applications from smartphones to aircraft.Digital/MEMS Barometer: Modern sensors in smartphones, weather stations, and drones that convert pressure into electrical signals. Barograph: A type of aneroid barometer that records pressure changes over time on a graph. Purpose
Weather Forecasting: Predicts local weather by tracking rising (improving) or falling (worsening) air pressure.
Altitude Measurement: Measures altitude because air pressure decreases as elevation increases.
Scientific Analysis: Used in meteorology to identify weather fronts and pressure systems. How it works (General)
High pressure pushes down more on the sensor (mercury or capsule), indicating stable, fair weather.
Low pressure means less weight from the atmosphere, often preceding storms and unsettled weather.
Air pressure is crucial in weather, as high pressure brings sinking air, clear skies, and stable, fair weather, while low pressure involves rising air, leading to clouds, precipitation, and storms. Air moves from high to low pressure, creating wind, and tracking changes (falling pressure signals storms, rising pressure signals clearing) helps forecast weather, measured with a barometer. High Pressure Systems (Anticyclones)
Air Movement: Air sinks (descends) and spreads out (diverges).
Weather: Clear, sunny conditions, dry, light winds, stable weather.
Temperature: Can bring heat waves in summer or cold snaps in winter. Low Pressure Systems (Cyclones)
Air Movement: Air rises (ascends) and converges.
Weather: Cloud formation, precipitation, storms (rain, snow), unsettled weather.
Wind: Rapid drops in pressure often mean strong winds and severe weather.
How Pressure Changes Drive Weather
Wind: Air naturally flows from high-pressure areas to low-pressure areas, causing wind. Forecasting: Meteorologists watch pressure trends:
Falling pressure: Low pressure is approaching, bringing storms.
Rising pressure: High pressure is moving in, bringing clearer, calmer weather.
LAYER HEIGHT DESCRIPTION Troposphere 0-14 km
This is the part of our atmosphere that we experience every day. The troposphere is almost 80% of the total mass of the atmosphere. Most of Earth's weather occurs in the troposphere. Stratosphere 14- 50 km This is a very stable layer. The air in the stratosphere is very dry. Because of this, there are few clouds here. The ozone layer is in the stratosphere. The ozone layer is very important. It helps protect us from ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the Sun. Mesosphere 50 - 85 km Mesosphere comes from the Greek word meso, meaning middle. Most meteors burn up in the mesosphere. Reddish lightning called sprites can sometimes be seen above thunderstorms.These are in the mesosphere. Thermosphere 85 - 600 km The Northern Lights (aurora borealis) and the Southern Lights (aurora australis) happen in the thermosphere. This is also where the International Space Station orbits. Exosphere 600 - 1000 km The exosphere is the furthest from the surface of the Earth. Its edge marks the edge of space. It contains gas molecules like hydrogen and helium, but they are very far apart. Auroras sometimes happen in the lower exosphere.
Seasons and weather
Margie Hill
Created on May 1, 2023
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Transcript
Weather
Sun
Did you know the sun and its position gives us our temperature. It also causes wind to move.
Temperature
Temperature tells us how hot or cold something is.
wo
Daniel Fahrenheit, the German physicist who changed how we measure temperature - India Today Almanac: Daniel Fahrenheit - CBS News Third original Fahrenheit thermometer surfaces – The History ... Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit FRS was a physicist, inventor, and scientific instrument maker.
Wind
All the winds in the world are made by warm air rising and cold air falling.
Warm air
As soon as the warm air leaves the cold air fills in its place.
Cold air
https://scied.ucar.edu/learning-zone/clouds/how-clouds-form
Condensation is the process where a gas, like water vapor, changes into a liquid, often on a cold surface.
Evaporation is the process where a liquid changes into a gas (vapor) at the surface, driven by heat energy that gives molecules enough speed to escape, crucial for the water cycle (drying puddles, forming clouds) and cooling (sweat), happening below boiling point and influenced by temperature, humidity, and surface area.
Infiltration is the process by which water on the ground surface enters the soil.
GroundWater is fresh water found underground in the cracks and spaces in soil, sand, and rock
When water seeps into the ground, it's called infiltration, moving from the surface into soil and rock pores to become groundwater, a vital part of the water cycle that nourishes plants, fills aquifers, and eventually returns to the surface or oceans as springs or streams.
Runoff Runoff is excess water from rain, snowmelt, or irrigation that flows over land, carrying pollutants and sediment into streams, rivers, and oceans, impacting water quality and increasing flood risk, though it also replenishes water sources; it's a key part of the water cycle
Transpiration Transpiration is the process where plants absorb water through their roots and then release water vapor from their leaves, stems, and flowers, essentially "sweating" to cool themselves, regulate internal pressure, and transport nutrients. It's a crucial part of the water cycle, accounting for about 10% of atmospheric moisture, and its rate is affected by humidity, temperature, and sunlight, with stomata (pores) controlling water loss.
A barometer is a scientific instrument that measures atmospheric pressure, used primarily to forecast short-term weather changes: rising pressure often means fair weather, while falling pressure signals worsening conditions like storms. Invented by Evangelista Torricelli in 1643, modern versions also using digital sensors for applications from smartphones to aircraft.Digital/MEMS Barometer: Modern sensors in smartphones, weather stations, and drones that convert pressure into electrical signals. Barograph: A type of aneroid barometer that records pressure changes over time on a graph. Purpose Weather Forecasting: Predicts local weather by tracking rising (improving) or falling (worsening) air pressure. Altitude Measurement: Measures altitude because air pressure decreases as elevation increases. Scientific Analysis: Used in meteorology to identify weather fronts and pressure systems. How it works (General) High pressure pushes down more on the sensor (mercury or capsule), indicating stable, fair weather. Low pressure means less weight from the atmosphere, often preceding storms and unsettled weather.
Air pressure is crucial in weather, as high pressure brings sinking air, clear skies, and stable, fair weather, while low pressure involves rising air, leading to clouds, precipitation, and storms. Air moves from high to low pressure, creating wind, and tracking changes (falling pressure signals storms, rising pressure signals clearing) helps forecast weather, measured with a barometer. High Pressure Systems (Anticyclones) Air Movement: Air sinks (descends) and spreads out (diverges). Weather: Clear, sunny conditions, dry, light winds, stable weather. Temperature: Can bring heat waves in summer or cold snaps in winter. Low Pressure Systems (Cyclones) Air Movement: Air rises (ascends) and converges. Weather: Cloud formation, precipitation, storms (rain, snow), unsettled weather. Wind: Rapid drops in pressure often mean strong winds and severe weather. How Pressure Changes Drive Weather Wind: Air naturally flows from high-pressure areas to low-pressure areas, causing wind. Forecasting: Meteorologists watch pressure trends: Falling pressure: Low pressure is approaching, bringing storms. Rising pressure: High pressure is moving in, bringing clearer, calmer weather.
LAYER HEIGHT DESCRIPTION Troposphere 0-14 km This is the part of our atmosphere that we experience every day. The troposphere is almost 80% of the total mass of the atmosphere. Most of Earth's weather occurs in the troposphere. Stratosphere 14- 50 km This is a very stable layer. The air in the stratosphere is very dry. Because of this, there are few clouds here. The ozone layer is in the stratosphere. The ozone layer is very important. It helps protect us from ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the Sun. Mesosphere 50 - 85 km Mesosphere comes from the Greek word meso, meaning middle. Most meteors burn up in the mesosphere. Reddish lightning called sprites can sometimes be seen above thunderstorms.These are in the mesosphere. Thermosphere 85 - 600 km The Northern Lights (aurora borealis) and the Southern Lights (aurora australis) happen in the thermosphere. This is also where the International Space Station orbits. Exosphere 600 - 1000 km The exosphere is the furthest from the surface of the Earth. Its edge marks the edge of space. It contains gas molecules like hydrogen and helium, but they are very far apart. Auroras sometimes happen in the lower exosphere.