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SYSTEM MEMORY NOTES
Nuraina Ashikin
Created on April 30, 2023
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SYSTEM MEMORY
IMD 163 : COMPUTER SYSTEM OPERATION
SYSTEM MEMORY
MEMORY
VOLATILE
DEFINITION
- Loses it contain
- Temporary
- Information is lost when the PC is turned off (RAM)
Set of electronic components that can stores data, program, and instruction waiting to be executed by the CPU
ROLES
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The main role of memory is to store data and programs.
byte
Each storage unit in memory is called byte
NON-VOLATILE
address
- Even if there is no power, the data is still retained
- Permanent
- Has a very high storage capacity
Each bytes located in memory called an address
types of memory
Volatile and Non-Volatile
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system memory
memory
memory mapping
roles of memory
How computer is using the system memory 1. Base 2. Upper 3. Extended
- Upgradability
- Performance
- Reliability & Stability
- Software Support
system memory
BIOS VS CMOS
read only memory
DEFINITION : Chips of memory known as ROM (Read-Only Memory) are used to store instructions and data permanently.
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ROLES
advantages of rom
TYPES OF ROM
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pERMANENCE
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SECURITY
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EPROM
PROM
REGULAR ROM
EEPROM
SYSTEM MEMORY
RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY
RAM Chips
2. Static
3. Magnetoresistive
1. Dynamic
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Main vs cache memory
DEFINITION : RAM (Random Access Memory ) also known as primary storage or main memory
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+HOW RAM WORKS
+HOW RAM WORKS
System memory
Random access memory (RAM)
Memory Buses
Dynamic RAM
Dynamic RAM is a sort of RAM that only stores data if it is constantly accessed by specific logic known as a refresh circut.
The memory bus is a network of wires that transports memory addresses and data to and from the system RAM.
Static RAM
Virtual Memory
Static RAM is a sort of RAM that retains its data without the need for external refresh for as long as the circuit is powered.
Hard disk space used when a system starts to run low on RAM.
RAM Drives
Cache Memory
A RAM section that has been arranged as a virtual hard drive so that commonly used programs can be accessed more quickly.
A CPU cache used by a computer's central processor unit to reduce the average time to access memory.
FIRST SLIDE
system MEMORY
Troubleshooting
- Memory troubleshooting is an important step in ensuring the computer system's reliability.
- Rerun the setup program if a parity error is detected by the power-on diagnostics
- Electrical storms can cause problems with the computer's physical configuration. Also, if you're using an add-on memory card, try reseating it. Many inexplicable failures are caused by an improperly positioned memory card.
- Aside from that, double-check that any memory chips you've inserted are properly seated in their holders.
- Consider whether the chip access timings of the newly installed memory are faster than those of the old chips.
- Futhermore, we must ensure taht all of the memory chips are of the correct type :-verify memory speeds for compatibility)
- To avoid constant parity failures on some PC's, deactivate parity testing in the setup application.
Parity
RAM parity determines whether a random access memory unit saves a parity bit for error detection.