Gapped text A2_B1_levels_training

(Cohesion)

Gapped text training

This presentation/quiz will help you to understand the construction of texts better.

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How do we organise texts?

The are a couple devices or "tools" that help us to structure our ideas in an organised way. The most important ones are:pronouns (She, he, it, they, us, them, somebody, nobody, etc. ); demonstratives (this, that, those, these); tenses (past, present, future, etc.), and connectors and linkers in general. The efficient use of these tools/resources will result in a better structured text when we write or a better comprehension when we read. In the sentence..... "My sister is a very organised person. She always plans her activities using a calendar" The pronoun "she" and the possesive "her" help us to identify who is the text referring to.

How do we organise texts?

IIn the sentence.... Travelling is very important for humans because it teaches us about how other people live and behave. The pronouns "it" and "us" explain who does and action and who receives the action. The verb in present simple "teaches" describe an action which happens in the present. A tense that in this case is used to talk about general facts/truths. These words contribute to the creation of meaning in the mind of the writer/reader and to understand the situation better.

How do we organise texts?

In the sentence.... My family and I love buying new gadgets. However, we don't do it very often because we don't have much money for that. The pronouns "we" and "it" help us to make a reference to "family" and "me". The connector "however" indicates that there is a sense of contrast and the connector "because" indicates that there is a sense of giving a reason or result. All these words/phrases assisting in the creating of a whole idea/text.

How do we organise texts?

In the sentence.... When people work in a place where they have good relationships with others and a place where bosses respect employees'opinions, everyone can feel comfortable. And this, in consequence, can boost productivity there. The pronouns they "they" "everyone" "this" help us to understand to what people we are referring to. Or, in the case of "this", it is making a reference to one idea which appear in the text previously. The connector "when" gives us an idea of a time reference and "there" makes a reference to a place which was mentioned before.

Question 1/5

How do we organise texts?

All this information about pronouns, articles, references, connectors are used to develop ideas from one sentence to a combination of 2, 3 or 4 sentences and also to develop ideas across paragraphs. Have a look at one example of this, it is a reading activity about athletics in Jamaica .....analyse with your teacher how the main ideas of each paragraph are developed....

How do we organise texts?

Have a look at the following paragraph about an article on the topic of history and archeology. Analyse how the text has been constructed.

How do we organise texts?

How do we organise texts?

Have a look at the following paragraph about one very special sport. With your class see how they text is organised/constructed.

How do we organise texts?

How do we organise texts?

This kind of language analysis will help you understand texts betters and to be better able to do gapped text exercises (a text with missing sentences) as they exist in Cambridge exams. You can improve this by reading a lot of different texts and paying attention to their organisation.

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