SPACE
Let's take a look!
It is enormous, it surrounds us, and it is filled with all sorts of phemomena
But what are they really?
You might of heard of supernovas, nebulas, and black holes
Which should be explored first?
NEBULAS
Beautiful aren't they?
But what are they really?
Well, they are giant clouds of dust and gas (hydrogen, helium, and other ionized gases) found in space between the stars.
NEBULAS
But where do they come from I hear you ask?
They can be the aftermaths of supernovas
Or from clouds of cold interstellar gas and dust
NEBULAS
You might of heard that they can form stars. But how?
As seen previously, they are made of dust and gases
As gravity pull these elements closer, they collapse and causes the center of the nebula to heat up; the beginning of a star
NEBULAS
However, only a part of it will become a star
The rest will form planets, asteroids, comets, or just remain as dust
NEBULAS
To learn more:
SUPERNOVAS
What are they?
Well, in short, they are explosion of stars
There are two main types:
Death of a massive star
System of two stars
SUPERNOVAS: Death of a massive star
Let's first define a massive star
They are stars that have masses more than five times the one of our sun
SUPERNOVAS: Death of a massive star
But why do they explode?
We first need to understand how stars work
At the cores (center), an enourmous amount of nuclear fuel is burned which produces tons of energy and in turn makes the core vey hot
SUPERNOVAS: Death of a massive star
The gravity that tries to shrink the star is balanced by the pressure generated by the heat of the core
However, the fuel isn't infinite
SUPERNOVAS: Death of a massive star
As the fuel runs out, the pressure that balances gravity will decrease
Gravity will then takeover and will cause the star to suddenly collapse
This happens so quickly that shock waves are created which causes the explosion of the outer part of the star
SUPERNOVAS: Death of a massive star
These extremely bright explosions usually result in a dense core and an expanding nebula
Supernovas of stars more than ten times the size of our sun may even result in black holes
SUPERNOVAS: System of two stars
What happens in this type of supernova?
Let's first define the system
Two stars are orbiting eachother and at least one of them is an Earth-sized white dwarf
SUPERNOVAS: System of two stars
Two different events can happen
If it's a system of two white dwarfs:
If it's a system of with only one white dwarf:
The white dwarf takes too much matter from the other star and explodes
They collide and create a supernova
BLACK HOLES
What are they?
They are places in space where gravity is so powerful that light is unable to get out
This strong gravity is the result of matter that has been compacted into a tiny space
BLACK HOLES
There are three main types of black holes; divided according to their mass:
Intermediate-mass
Supermassive
Stellar-mass
BLACK HOLES: Stellar-mass
How do they form?
When a star many times our Sun's mass runs out of nuclear fuel, it explodes as a supernova
The remaining core can collapse into a stellar-mass black hole if the star's mass was at least 20 times our sun's mass
BLACK HOLES: Stellar-mass
Moreover, they are usually paired with other stars from which they pull gas off
What about it's characteristics?
It's mass can be from a few to hundreads times our sun's mass
However, they don't have a definite mass as they can gain mass from collisions with stars and other black holes
BLACK HOLES: Supermassive
How do they form?
How do they form?
Scientists are not sure
However, they theorize that they come from the collapse of supermassive stars in the first billion years of the universe
BLACK HOLES: Supermassive
What about it's characteristics?
Their mass is of hundreads of thousands to billions time our sun's and they can continue to gain mass
The center of large galaxies usually contain a supermassive black hole
BLACK HOLES: Intermediate-mass
The size gap between suppermassive and stellar-mass black holes is enormous
Considering stellar-mass black holes would have collided with eachother over time, it is logical that there would have some intermediate-mass black holes according to scientists
BLACK HOLES: Intermediate-mass
What would its characteristics be?
Their mass would range from one hundred to hundreds of thousands time our sun's
Scientists have found potential candidates, but it is difficult to confirm
REFERENCES
Space Center Houston. “What Is a Nebula?” Space Center Houston, 19 Mar. 2020, spacecenter.org/what-is-a-nebula/.
Erickson, Kristen. “What Is a Nebula? | NASA Space Place – NASA Science for Kids.” Nasa.gov, 2018, spaceplace.nasa.gov/nebula/en/.
Atlas Pro. “What Is a Nebula?” Www.youtube.com, 1 Feb. 2021, www.youtube.com/watch?v=VFXJnbnN5ro. Erickson, Kristen. “What Is a Supernova? | NASA Space Place – NASA Science for Kids.” Nasa.gov, 2017, spaceplace.nasa.gov/supernova/en/.
NASA. “Stars and Nebulas.” HubbleSite.org, Q Starter Kit, 2018, hubblesite.org/science/stars-and-nebulas.
NASA. “White Dwarfs.” Nasa.gov, 2010, imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/science/objects/dwarfs2.html.
wild, flint. “What Is a Black Hole?” NASA, NASA, 21 Aug. 2018, www.nasa.gov/audience/forstudents/k-4/stories/nasa-knows/what-is-a-black-hole-k4.html.
“Types | Black Holes.” NASA Universe Exploration, universe.nasa.gov/black-holes/types/#:~:text=Astronomers%20generally%20divide%20black%20holes.
Space: nebulas, supernovas, black holes
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Transcript
SPACE
Let's take a look!
It is enormous, it surrounds us, and it is filled with all sorts of phemomena
But what are they really?
You might of heard of supernovas, nebulas, and black holes
Which should be explored first?
NEBULAS
Beautiful aren't they?
But what are they really?
Well, they are giant clouds of dust and gas (hydrogen, helium, and other ionized gases) found in space between the stars.
NEBULAS
But where do they come from I hear you ask?
They can be the aftermaths of supernovas
Or from clouds of cold interstellar gas and dust
NEBULAS
You might of heard that they can form stars. But how?
As seen previously, they are made of dust and gases
As gravity pull these elements closer, they collapse and causes the center of the nebula to heat up; the beginning of a star
NEBULAS
However, only a part of it will become a star
The rest will form planets, asteroids, comets, or just remain as dust
NEBULAS
To learn more:
SUPERNOVAS
What are they?
Well, in short, they are explosion of stars
There are two main types:
Death of a massive star
System of two stars
SUPERNOVAS: Death of a massive star
Let's first define a massive star
They are stars that have masses more than five times the one of our sun
SUPERNOVAS: Death of a massive star
But why do they explode?
We first need to understand how stars work
At the cores (center), an enourmous amount of nuclear fuel is burned which produces tons of energy and in turn makes the core vey hot
SUPERNOVAS: Death of a massive star
The gravity that tries to shrink the star is balanced by the pressure generated by the heat of the core
However, the fuel isn't infinite
SUPERNOVAS: Death of a massive star
As the fuel runs out, the pressure that balances gravity will decrease
Gravity will then takeover and will cause the star to suddenly collapse
This happens so quickly that shock waves are created which causes the explosion of the outer part of the star
SUPERNOVAS: Death of a massive star
These extremely bright explosions usually result in a dense core and an expanding nebula
Supernovas of stars more than ten times the size of our sun may even result in black holes
SUPERNOVAS: System of two stars
What happens in this type of supernova?
Let's first define the system
Two stars are orbiting eachother and at least one of them is an Earth-sized white dwarf
SUPERNOVAS: System of two stars
Two different events can happen
If it's a system of two white dwarfs:
If it's a system of with only one white dwarf:
The white dwarf takes too much matter from the other star and explodes
They collide and create a supernova
BLACK HOLES
What are they?
They are places in space where gravity is so powerful that light is unable to get out
This strong gravity is the result of matter that has been compacted into a tiny space
BLACK HOLES
There are three main types of black holes; divided according to their mass:
Intermediate-mass
Supermassive
Stellar-mass
BLACK HOLES: Stellar-mass
How do they form?
When a star many times our Sun's mass runs out of nuclear fuel, it explodes as a supernova
The remaining core can collapse into a stellar-mass black hole if the star's mass was at least 20 times our sun's mass
BLACK HOLES: Stellar-mass
Moreover, they are usually paired with other stars from which they pull gas off
What about it's characteristics?
It's mass can be from a few to hundreads times our sun's mass
However, they don't have a definite mass as they can gain mass from collisions with stars and other black holes
BLACK HOLES: Supermassive
How do they form?
How do they form?
Scientists are not sure
However, they theorize that they come from the collapse of supermassive stars in the first billion years of the universe
BLACK HOLES: Supermassive
What about it's characteristics?
Their mass is of hundreads of thousands to billions time our sun's and they can continue to gain mass
The center of large galaxies usually contain a supermassive black hole
BLACK HOLES: Intermediate-mass
The size gap between suppermassive and stellar-mass black holes is enormous
Considering stellar-mass black holes would have collided with eachother over time, it is logical that there would have some intermediate-mass black holes according to scientists
BLACK HOLES: Intermediate-mass
What would its characteristics be?
Their mass would range from one hundred to hundreds of thousands time our sun's
Scientists have found potential candidates, but it is difficult to confirm
REFERENCES
Space Center Houston. “What Is a Nebula?” Space Center Houston, 19 Mar. 2020, spacecenter.org/what-is-a-nebula/. Erickson, Kristen. “What Is a Nebula? | NASA Space Place – NASA Science for Kids.” Nasa.gov, 2018, spaceplace.nasa.gov/nebula/en/. Atlas Pro. “What Is a Nebula?” Www.youtube.com, 1 Feb. 2021, www.youtube.com/watch?v=VFXJnbnN5ro. Erickson, Kristen. “What Is a Supernova? | NASA Space Place – NASA Science for Kids.” Nasa.gov, 2017, spaceplace.nasa.gov/supernova/en/. NASA. “Stars and Nebulas.” HubbleSite.org, Q Starter Kit, 2018, hubblesite.org/science/stars-and-nebulas. NASA. “White Dwarfs.” Nasa.gov, 2010, imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/science/objects/dwarfs2.html. wild, flint. “What Is a Black Hole?” NASA, NASA, 21 Aug. 2018, www.nasa.gov/audience/forstudents/k-4/stories/nasa-knows/what-is-a-black-hole-k4.html. “Types | Black Holes.” NASA Universe Exploration, universe.nasa.gov/black-holes/types/#:~:text=Astronomers%20generally%20divide%20black%20holes.