birth control policy & female entreprenuership
Honor Research Helen Zheng
Facts About The Birth Control Policy
China Birth Control Timeline
Birth control is prohibited, except for women with 6+ children
1949 ~ 1953
Pro-Birth Period
Census showed 600 million population, instead of 475 assumed before
1953
1st population census
Birth control received financial care; Birth control policy proposed
1953 ~ 1957
Anti-Birth Period
President Mao claimed large population as sucess factor
1958 ~ 1961
Pro-Birth Period
Birth Control written into Constitution and the country implemented one-child policy
1962 ~ 2010
Anti-Birth Period
2013 ~ Present
2013~2016 two children policy After 2016 three children policy
Pro-Birth Period
Time to Guess !
Explore the one-child policy
Click the bubble at different location to learn more
To view all the policies by province by period
Policy and Female Entreprenuers
Birth Control & Entreprenuership
There are spliting views on how the birth control policy impacts entreprenuership.
Some think it helps entreprenuership due to better education and parenting.
Some think it harms entreprenuership due to population aging and decreased number of siblings
Polices & Female Entreprenuership
The policy influence over female entreprenuers can depend on these factors...
Click titles to learn more
GOVERNMENT CONTROL
MARKET TRANSITION
SOCIAL STRUCTURE
EDUCATION
FAMILY
Research Focus and Data
Realized there is limited research on birth control policy over female entreprenuers, I started my research and focused on the policy changes in 2013 and 2016
In 2013
All couples with at least one of them being the single child are allowed to have two children
In 2016
All couples are allowed to have two children
The Data
GEM was founded in 1999 and conducts anual survey in around 115 countries. In China, GEM collects on average 3,000 survey results per year.
Variables
Out of thousands of variables from GEM and outside GEM, here are the ones I used in my model. Click to check them out.
TEA
Birth Control
Gender Houshold Size
Individual Factors
Extermal Factors
FINDINGS AND MODEL RESULT
Quick Findings
Average Household Size
3.98
3.74
3.48
Before 2013 2013~2016 After 2016
Chance to report Entreprenuers have high social status in media
Female
Male
Before 2013
2013 ~2016
After 2016
Through regression models, we proved the following hypothesis
Birth control policy impacts male and female entreprenuers differently
The change from one child policy to two child policy disadvantaged female entreprenuers
Most Important Findings
The more children female are allowed the have, the bigger negative effects it has on female entreprenuership
Click for Rationale
Below are the model results that support these findings...
When all other factors stay the same, assuming the probability for male without child before 2013 policy change to start a business is 100%, then
Click for Rationale
When consider different type of entreprenuerial activities, I found...
The birth control policy increased male's likelihood to own a mature startups (>48 months) but decrease female's likelihoods
That's all Thank you!
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Transcript
birth control policy & female entreprenuership
Honor Research Helen Zheng
Facts About The Birth Control Policy
China Birth Control Timeline
Birth control is prohibited, except for women with 6+ children
1949 ~ 1953
Pro-Birth Period
Census showed 600 million population, instead of 475 assumed before
1953
1st population census
Birth control received financial care; Birth control policy proposed
1953 ~ 1957
Anti-Birth Period
President Mao claimed large population as sucess factor
1958 ~ 1961
Pro-Birth Period
Birth Control written into Constitution and the country implemented one-child policy
1962 ~ 2010
Anti-Birth Period
2013 ~ Present
2013~2016 two children policy After 2016 three children policy
Pro-Birth Period
Time to Guess !
Explore the one-child policy
Click the bubble at different location to learn more
To view all the policies by province by period
Policy and Female Entreprenuers
Birth Control & Entreprenuership
There are spliting views on how the birth control policy impacts entreprenuership.
Some think it helps entreprenuership due to better education and parenting.
Some think it harms entreprenuership due to population aging and decreased number of siblings
Polices & Female Entreprenuership
The policy influence over female entreprenuers can depend on these factors...
Click titles to learn more
GOVERNMENT CONTROL
MARKET TRANSITION
SOCIAL STRUCTURE
EDUCATION
FAMILY
Research Focus and Data
Realized there is limited research on birth control policy over female entreprenuers, I started my research and focused on the policy changes in 2013 and 2016
In 2013
All couples with at least one of them being the single child are allowed to have two children
In 2016
All couples are allowed to have two children
The Data
GEM was founded in 1999 and conducts anual survey in around 115 countries. In China, GEM collects on average 3,000 survey results per year.
Variables
Out of thousands of variables from GEM and outside GEM, here are the ones I used in my model. Click to check them out.
TEA
Birth Control
Gender Houshold Size
Individual Factors
Extermal Factors
FINDINGS AND MODEL RESULT
Quick Findings
Average Household Size
3.98
3.74
3.48
Before 2013 2013~2016 After 2016
Chance to report Entreprenuers have high social status in media
Female
Male
Before 2013
2013 ~2016
After 2016
Through regression models, we proved the following hypothesis
Birth control policy impacts male and female entreprenuers differently
The change from one child policy to two child policy disadvantaged female entreprenuers
Most Important Findings
The more children female are allowed the have, the bigger negative effects it has on female entreprenuership
Click for Rationale
Below are the model results that support these findings...
When all other factors stay the same, assuming the probability for male without child before 2013 policy change to start a business is 100%, then
Click for Rationale
When consider different type of entreprenuerial activities, I found...
The birth control policy increased male's likelihood to own a mature startups (>48 months) but decrease female's likelihoods
That's all Thank you!