Escape Room (Chapters 17, 18, and 21)

Biochemistry Chapters 17, 18, 21

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ESCAPE ROOM

By Melissa Chavez, Kelly Ann Di Salvo, Danae Mantrana Celeiro, and Ovidio Paz

introduction

Answer the questions correctly to win the stars and reach the final prize.

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Chapter 21

Chapter 17

Chapter 18

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1/4

If there was a mutation on the citrate synthase dimer, what would occur in the citric acid cycle and why?

Oxaloacetate would not be able to bind and change the shape so Acetyl CoA would not bind and continue step one of the citric acid cycle, thus stopping the citric acid cycle

Oxaloacetate would be able to bind and change the shape so Acetyl CoA can bind and continue step one of the citric acid cycle

The Acetyl CoA can bind allosterically first, causing conformational changes and allowing oxaloacetate to bind and continue step 1 of the citric acid cycle

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2/4

In mammals, a mutation that inactivates pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase would not result in:

Decreased inhibition of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex

Increased interconversion of acetyl coA and pyruvate

Increased conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA

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3/4

What could occur in the citric acid cycle if Succinyl CoA synthetase is inhibited:

Succinyl CoA is attacked by phosphate, which forms succinyl phosphate by displacement of the CoA.

The cleavage of thioester is prevented; thus the formation of ATP is also prevented.

The formation of ATP increases.

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4/4

A patient has a significantly larger amount of ATP molecules compared to ADP molecules readily available in the mitochondria. What would happen in the citric acid cycle due to this?

The rate of the citric acid cycle will be increased because ADP is an allosteric effector that binds to the regulatory site of the enzyme and increases the affinity of the isocitrate dehydrogenase enzyme.

The rate of the citric acid cycle will be decreased because ADP is an allosteric effector that binds to the regulatory site of the enzyme and decreases the affinity of the isocitrate dehydrogenase enzyme.

The rate of the citric acid cycle will decrease because ATP is an allosteric inhibitor of isocitrate dehydrogenase and decreases its affinity for isocitrate.

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Chapter 21

Chapter 17

Chapter 18

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1/4

What is the similarity and difference between cytochrome C and coenzyme Q (Ubiquinone)?

Both are proteins. Cytochrome C is a small hydrophobic protein thus shuffles electrons between complex 3 and 4, while coal enzyme Q is a small hydrophilic protein that shuffles electrons between complex one and two and complex 3.

Both are used to transfer electrons to different complexes. Cytochrome C is a small hydrophilic protein that transfers electrons between complex 3 and 4, while coenzyme Q is a small hydrophobic molecule that shuffles electrons between complex 1 and 2 and complex 3.

Both are embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Cytochrome C is a large and hydrophobic molecule that transfers electrons between complex 1 and 4, while coenzyme Q is a small and hydrophobic protein that shuffles electrons between complex 2 and 3.

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2/4

What would occur if complex I was inhibited in oxidative phosphorylation:

NADH concentrations would increase as its electrons are not being passed along to Q to form QH2, which leads to a decrease in ATP production.

NADH concentrations would remain the same, but ATP production would decrease.

NADH concentrations would increase as its electrons are not being passed along to Q to form QH2, which leads to an increase in ATP production.

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3/4

A decrease in brown adipose tissue in the body would result in

Decrease in the permeability of mitochondrial outer membrane.

Increase in sites for UCP-1 activity, leading to increased generation of body heat.

Decrease in sites for UCP-1 activity, decreasing the ability to generate heat via Non shivering thermogenesis

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4/4

A patient goes to the emergency room presenting symptoms of alcoholic liver disease. The doctors discover that excess harmful oxygen derivatives are present in their cells. Which complex is not acting efficiently?

Complex I

Complex IV

Complx III

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Chapter 17

Chapter 21

Chapter 18

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1/4

In order to conduct the metabolism of glycogen, glycogen must be broken down using glycogen phosphorylase. If there was a mutation on glycogen phosphorylase, how would this affect the process?

Glycogen phosphorylase would not be able to add an orthophosphate to the glucose molecules, stopping the metabolism of glycogen

Glycogen phosphorylase would not be able to hydrolyze the bonds holding the individual glucose molecules stopping the metabolism of glycogen

Glycogen phosphorylase Cleaves the glycogen molecule and adds An alcohol group at the end of the individual glucose molecules

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2/4

A person has a mutation that does not allow G-proteins to reset themselves through GTP hydrolysis. This disrupts the regulatory cascade for glycogen breakdown. What molecule would there be a buildup of directly in response to this?

Increase of GDP molecules

Increase of ATP molecules

Increase of cAMP molecules

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3/4

An inability of epinephrine or glucagon to bind to their specific 7TM receptors would result in

Activation of protein kinase A

Increased concentration of cAMP

Decreased glycogen breakdown in liver and muscle

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4/4

What could happen if there was a mutation that did not allow phosphoglucomutase to convert glucose 1-phosphate into glucose 6-phosphate?

Glucose 1-phosphate is turned into free glucose to be transported outside the cell.

The inability to store and release sugar from/to glycogen.

The individual’s insulin levels would rise as there would be an increase in glucose produced.

EXIT

Chapter 17

Chapter 21

Chapter 18

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