A.S. 2022/23
the periodic table gets wider: artificial elements
aurora ligorio, III^C
discovered elements: from newton until present
1718: the scientific method was applied to the study of elements. the periodic table contained only the 11% of the elements. from 1788 to 1825: from 26 to 53 elements. 20th century: the periodic table assumed its current size (118 elements).
How are artificial elements obtained?
The world's largest particle accelerator, located beneath the France-Switzerland border. source: CERN.
elements' stability
An atom is defined:stable: if the number of protons and neutrons doesn't change over timeunstable: if the atom loses or acquires one or more protons and neutrons. The instability of the elements is a cause of radioactivity.
what is meant by "artificial elements"?
an element obtained through human manipulation of fundamental particles in a nuclear reactor. they are divided into:
1. Elements often produced through synthesis but that can be found in nature 2. Transuranic elements (with atomic number from 93 to 118).
+info
the first transuranic elements
neptunium and plutonium
1940: Edwin McMillan and Philip Hauge Abelson in the Berkley National Laboratory, analyzing the Uranium bombarded with neutrons, isolated Neptunium (93). In the same year was isolated Plutonium (94) by a team headed by Glenn Seaborg. Traces of these elements are later found in nature.
+info
Timeline
1970-1981
1999-2004
1944-1950
dubnium, seaborgium, bohrium
moscovium, livermorium, organesson, flerovium
Americium, curium, berkelium, californium
1982-1996
2010
1952-1968
einsteinium, fermium, mendelevium, nobelium, rutherfordium,..
meitnerium, hassium, copernicium,..
tennessine (117)
attribution of discoveries
for some elements discovered during the cold war period it is difficult to determine the attribution of the discoveries. example: rutherfordium (104), obtained from albert ghiorso and glenn seaborg. an isotope of the element was isolated for the first time by igor kurchatov in 1964 and called kurchatovium.
Igor Kurchatov
applications
no elements with atomic number greater than 99 have any uses outside scientific research
plutonium
technetium
americium
Used in smoke detectors.
Used as a fuel in nuclear reactors and for the atomic bomb on Nagasaki.
Used in medicine for medical tests and as a catalyst.
sources
https://sciencestruck.com/synthetic-elements https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synthetic_element https://www.sciencenews.org/archive/artificial-radioactivity-8-elements-reported
artificial elements
Aurora Ligorio
Created on April 13, 2023
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Transcript
A.S. 2022/23
the periodic table gets wider: artificial elements
aurora ligorio, III^C
discovered elements: from newton until present
1718: the scientific method was applied to the study of elements. the periodic table contained only the 11% of the elements. from 1788 to 1825: from 26 to 53 elements. 20th century: the periodic table assumed its current size (118 elements).
How are artificial elements obtained?
The world's largest particle accelerator, located beneath the France-Switzerland border. source: CERN.
elements' stability
An atom is defined:stable: if the number of protons and neutrons doesn't change over timeunstable: if the atom loses or acquires one or more protons and neutrons. The instability of the elements is a cause of radioactivity.
what is meant by "artificial elements"?
an element obtained through human manipulation of fundamental particles in a nuclear reactor. they are divided into:
1. Elements often produced through synthesis but that can be found in nature 2. Transuranic elements (with atomic number from 93 to 118).
+info
the first transuranic elements
neptunium and plutonium
1940: Edwin McMillan and Philip Hauge Abelson in the Berkley National Laboratory, analyzing the Uranium bombarded with neutrons, isolated Neptunium (93). In the same year was isolated Plutonium (94) by a team headed by Glenn Seaborg. Traces of these elements are later found in nature.
+info
Timeline
1970-1981
1999-2004
1944-1950
dubnium, seaborgium, bohrium
moscovium, livermorium, organesson, flerovium
Americium, curium, berkelium, californium
1982-1996
2010
1952-1968
einsteinium, fermium, mendelevium, nobelium, rutherfordium,..
meitnerium, hassium, copernicium,..
tennessine (117)
attribution of discoveries
for some elements discovered during the cold war period it is difficult to determine the attribution of the discoveries. example: rutherfordium (104), obtained from albert ghiorso and glenn seaborg. an isotope of the element was isolated for the first time by igor kurchatov in 1964 and called kurchatovium.
Igor Kurchatov
applications
no elements with atomic number greater than 99 have any uses outside scientific research
plutonium
technetium
americium
Used in smoke detectors.
Used as a fuel in nuclear reactors and for the atomic bomb on Nagasaki.
Used in medicine for medical tests and as a catalyst.
sources
https://sciencestruck.com/synthetic-elements https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synthetic_element https://www.sciencenews.org/archive/artificial-radioactivity-8-elements-reported