Early modern Spain

José LUIS SEGOVIA

Early modern

SPAIN

Start

7. Christopher Columbus

INDEX

8. Explorers and Conquistadors

9. Spanish Empire

10. Carlos I

11. Felipe II

1. Definition of Early moderns age

12. Hapsburg Dinasty

13. Renaissance

2. The Catholic Monarchs

3. Enrique IV and Juana.

4. The Catholic Monarchs. More

5. Family tree

6. Videos

Early modern age

Using the tablets, fill in the missing information to complete the chart.

This is the period of time that started with the reigns of Isabel I and Fernando II. Its main characteristics were:

• Nobles had less power.
• Authoritarian monarchies became more common throughout Europe.
• Protestantism spread across Europe.
• Europeans crossed the globe and travelled to lands unknown in Europe.
• Trade and prosperity developed as a result of territorial conquests.
• Artisans and traders became richer and more powerful. Their taxes helped to fund the monarchies.

The Catholic Monarchs

Fernando of Aragón was born in 1452 .King since 1479.He died in 1516.

1469

Isabel I

Isabel of Castilla was born in 1451 .Queen since 1474.She died in 1504.

Fernando II

Juana "la Beltraneja"

Enrique IV

King of Castilla

??

He was Isabel's brother and he was the king. He died in 1474, he named Isabel as his heir, this made Isabel the Queen. But, he had a daughter.

She didn't want Isabel to be the queen and she claimed the throne. A war of succession started. Isabel won.

The Catholic Monarchs

There were different kingdoms in Spain:

• Isabel I ruled in Castilla
• Fernando II ruled in Aragón.

They got married to unify both kingdoms so they could be stronger. 1492-They completed the Reconquista. They also added the Canary Islands and the Kingdom of Navarra

The Catholic Monarchs

They had 5 children but only 4 lived.They extended their influence outside Spain through marriage alliances between their children and rulers of other kingdoms.

Go to page 95 in your books to find out the missing names.

Let's learn a bit more

Catholic Monarchs

The end of the reconquista

Their REIGN

• They limited the power of the nobles.

• They centralised the justice system

• They improved tax collection

• They expelled the Jews by establishing the Inquisition, this means they interrogated and punished people who weren't Christians. Sometimes, they tortured and killed them.

The Crown of Castilla financed the first voyages across the Atlantic.

On 12 October 1492 he crossed the Atlantic and reached an island called Guanahani, now the Bahamas. He thought he was in Asia and he called the new lands the Indies.

Christopher Columbus

Explorer

He asked the Catholic Monarcs for money to find a new way to get to Asia. On 3 August 1492, he left the port of Palos in Spain with three ships: the Niña, the Pinta and the Santa Maria

INTERESTING PEOPLE

CONQUISTADORS

EXPLORERS

Fernando de Magallanes

Juan Sebastián Elcano

Francisco Pizarro

Hernán Cortés

He led the expedition back to Spain, but unfortunately only one ship and 18 sailors arrived back in Spain.

He left Spain in 1519 with several ships and 265 sailors and crossed the Atlantic Ocean. He then sailed around South America and was the first person to cross the Pacific Ocean. He discovered the Philippines, where he died in battle.

He sailed from Panama city to the Inca empire with 180 soldiers. They took the Inca emperor prisoner and conquered the Incas. This conquest ended in 1533, but Pizarro conquered Cuzco one year later.

He conquered some Mayan cities and then the Aztec empire. The conquest ended in 1521.

This is a movie about their adventures.

INTERESTING PEOPLE

CONQUISTADORS

EXPLORERS

The Spanish Empire

In the 16th century, Spain became the largest empire in the world, with territories in five continents The expansion of the empire was possible because it was one of the richest countries in Europe.

The Spanish Empire

As you can see on the map, the Spanish Empire was very big:

• Mexico and Central America formed the Virreinato de Nueva España.
• The Virreinato de Perú was in the south.

Each of the vicerreinada had a viceroy As a result of the colonisation of the Americas, gold, silver and new foods came into Europe. Land was taken by force from the indigenous people. They were made to change their religion and many died from European diseases.

And now...

1504

Isabel I died

WHAT!?

1516

Fernando II died

Isabel I and Fernando II didn't have a son.Who was going to be the new king? Carlos, their grandson, was the new king for the Empire.

Problems:

• He didn't speak Spanish
• He chose his foreign friends for high positions
• He also imposed heavy taxes.

People in Spain didn't like this King so they started some rebellions until 1520 when Carlos I changed his way of ruling and allowed Spanish nobles to hold office.

Carlos I

King 1516-1556

Problems in Europe:

Carlos I

King 1516-1556

• Wars with France.
• The Ottoman Turks were expanding westwards.
• The spread of Protestantism. In 1518, Martin Luther published a work criticising the Catholic church.
• He liked the Catholic church, but there were many Protestan princes among the Germanic states.

In 1520 he became Emperor Carlos V in Europe as he inherited a collection of kingdoms in central Europe called the Holy Roman Empire.

In 1556 he didn't want to be king anymore so he abdicated and went to a monastery in Yuste.

In Spain:

Felipe II

• He faced revolts of Moriscos in Granada in 1568 and also rebellions in Aragón in 1590

King 1556-1598

Outside Spain

• He won the battles of San Quintín (France) against France and the battle of Lepanto (Mediterranean Sea near Greece) against the Ottoman Empire.
• He sent the Spanish Armada to invade England, but it was defeated in 1588.
• He had to protect trade routes to the Americas, mainly from attacks by English pirates.

He was Carlos I's son

He inherited a big empire and he unified the Iberian peninsula when he became King of Portugal in 1580.

HAPSBURG

There were more kings who belonged to this dinasty:

Carlos I

Felipe II

Carlos I and Felipe II were the most important Hapsburg kings. Hapsburg (o dinastía de los Austria) was a dinasty that ruled Spain in the 16th and 17th centuries.

Renaissance

• The Renaissance began in Italy in the 15th century and later spread to Spain.

• It was inspired by Ancient Greek and Roman art.

• Renaissance artists wanted to express classical beauty.

• Michelangelo was a famous Renaissance painter. One of his most famous works was the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel.

• Other Italian painters of this period were Leonardo da Vinci and Rafael.

Renaissance

• In the second half of the 16th century, buildings were characterised by a simpler and more classical style. The name of this stage of Renaissance architecture is Herrerian.

• Renaissance architecture appeared in Spain in the 16th century. The elaborate and decorative style called Plateresque is an example of this.

Monasterio de San Lorenzo del Escorial

Universidad de Salamanca

To be continued...