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Operational Definitions

Noelle Frantz

Created on March 29, 2023

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Transcript

Operational Definitions

Create your own operational definition for each concept. Click on the Arrow to see my definition and compare it to yours.

Popularity

Democracy

Media Bias

Self Esteem

Social Media Addiction

06

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Popularity

Being popular is when a particular brand, product, person, or app is being known and/or used by a lot of people. One way to measure a politician's popularity would be to take a look at "how may followers he/she has on his/her Twitter."

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Democracy

A concept can be measured not only in terms of its presence, but also its absence. In this case, there is no press freedom, which is an important dimension of democracy, when a journalist gets arrested or even tortured for his or her reporting. So we can do reasonably measure a country's level of democracy by using the following operational definition: "How many journalists in the given country got arrested or jailed for their reporting in the past 12 months?"

Goal 4

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Social Media Addiction

Using the scale of 0=never, 1=rarely, 2=occasionally, 3=frequently, 4=always, you can ask people the following questions:

  • How often do your grades or school work suffers because of the amount of time you spend on social media?
  • How often do you choose to spend more time on social media over going out with others?

Goal 5

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Self Esteem

A concept can be measured by using a series of indicators. For example, the Rosenberg self-esteem scale (RSES) uses a scale of 0-30 where a score less than 15 may indicate a problematic low self esteem. The RSES is a ten-item Likert-type scale with items answered on a four-point scale—from strongly agree to strongly disagree. The scale asks the respondents to reflect on their current feelings. Example statements include: "On the whole, I am satisfied with myself. Strongly Agree-Agree-Disagree-Strongly Disagree; At times I think I am no good at all. SA-A-D-SD; I feel that I have a number of good qualities. SA-A-D-SD.

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Media Bias

The concept can be defined conceptually as the degree to which journalists and/or news organizations select inaccurately, often times purposefully, news events, people, and stories they cover. Based on this conceptual definition, we can count, between CNN and Fox News, "what percentage of invited experts are registered Democrats vs. Republicans vs. independents?" or "What percentage of experts are males vs. females vs. other genders?"