Learning Theories

Learning Theories

Constructivism

Behaviorism

Cognitivism

Theorist: Clark Hull and B. Frederick Skinner Characteristics: -Utilizes stimulus and response in relation to drive towards a reward -Requires conditioning of desired behavior and reinforcement of rewards Role of Memory: -Memory of conditioning allows for reinforcement How to Learn this Way: -Set goals and rewards for yourself -Do not expect rewards once behavior becomes a habit Types of Learning Best Explained: -Competition-based -Goal-oriented

Theorist: Lev Vygotsky, Jean Piaget, and John Dewey Characteristics: -Emphasizes the difference between knowledge and learning -Each person is an active participant in their own learning -Use of current knowledge to further learning Role of Memory: -Utilizes what you already know (memory) to further your learning -Moves past memorization into learning and forming connections How to Learn this Way: -Make observations and attempt to learn more about the world around you -Form connections with current knowledge Types of Learning Best Explained: -Learning through exploration -Learning through forming connections

Theorist: Jean Piaget Characteristics: -Processes in the brain have a direct effect on knowledge and behavior -Takes into account internal and external factors -Broken down into 4 stages Role of Memory: -Utilizes the brain's natural processes to enhance memory of a new concept How to Learn this Way: -Gain an understaning of your own personal learning style -Try research-supported techniques to memorize new concepts Types of Learning Best Explained: -Hands-on learners -Visual learners -Individuals who learn through repetition