Principles in materials development

Principles in materials development

STUDENT: miguel angel rojas

Materials development

‘Materials development is both a fi eld of study and a practical undertaking. As a fi eld it studies the principles and procedures of the design, implementation and evaluation of language teaching materials’ (Tomlinson 2001 : 66).

Tomlinson, B. (s/f). Introduction: principles and procedures of materials development. Cambridge.org. Recuperado el 26 de marzo de 2023, de https://assets.cambridge.org/97805217/62854/excerpt/9780521762854_excerpt.pdf

LIST OF PRINCIPLES IN MATERIAL DEVELOPMENT PRINCIPLE 1: Instruction needs to be predominantly directed at developing implicit knowledge of the L2 while not neglecting explicit knowledge

WHAT THIS MEAN?: It is developed when working with the implicit knowledge in the second language without neglecting all the knowledge already acquired by the student.EXAMPLE OF THIS PRINCIPLE: An institute enhances learning so that students through explicit knowledge can improve and ensure implicit knowledge in the second language.

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PRINCIPLE 2: Instruction needs to ensure that learners focus predominantly on meaning.

WHAT THIS MEAN?: It focuses on the knowledge of the meaning of words, of new learning for students. EXAMPLE OF THIS PRINCIPLE: The institute proposes lists of unknown words in which you can emphasize the meaning and how each of them can be contextualized in everyday life.

PRINCIPLE 3: A language course should progressively cover useful language items, skills and strategies.

WHAT THIS MEAN?: It is about the language course having the ability to implement all the teaching strategies proposed for a language, where it focuses on previous knowledge and progresses progressively.EXAMPLE OF THIS PRINCIPLE: An institute covers the basic needs of each student, provides all the knowledge and didactic tools for students to advance in the language.

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PRINCIPLE 4: A language course should provide activities aimed at increasing the fluency with which learners can use the language knowledge they already know, both receptively and productively.

WHAT THIS MEAN?: It is based on the ability of a language course to provide all the tools to teach a language correctly.EXAMPLE OF THIS PRINCIPLE: An institute provides academic activities where the student can improve their speech and fluency in the communication of the L2, the institute generates participation meetings with students.

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PRINCIPLE 5: As much as possible, the learners should be interested in and excited about learning the language, and they should come to value this learning.

WHAT THIS MEAN?: It is guaranteed that students can arrive motivated enough to take each of the learnings correctly. EXAMPLE OF THIS PRINCIPLE: A language course proposes didactic games to generate motivation and students have a good time while studying.

AUTHENTIC AND NON-AUTHENTIC MATERIALS ACCORDING TO FEBRINA

WHAT ARE AUTHENTIC MATERIALS?

Authentic materials are also known as real-life or genuine materials. Martinez (2002) as cited in Al-Azri and Al-Rashdi (2014) defines authentic materials as materials which are aimed at native speakers daily life and not for teaching purposes.As cited in Oura (2001) informs that authentic materials vary into several types. They can be in the form of listening materials such as radio show and songs, visual materials like the TV show and movies, printed materials such as a magazine, poster, and map, and realia or real-world objects like dolls. Many authors have examined the use of authentic materials in the classroom practice.

WHAT ARE NON-AUTHENTIC MATERIALS?

Non-authentic materials are teaching materials which are made and designed for teaching purposes only. These materials are planned, designed, and produced based on the curriculum and policy in each country, in this context, Indonesia. These materials are usually in the form of textbooks. These textbooks are also built upon the learner's needs and ability.

ADVANTAGES OF USING AUTHENTIC MATERIALS

DISADVANTAGES OF USING AUTHENTIC MATERIALS

Firstly, genuine materials enable learners to experience the real language and have a closer interaction with the target language .Secondly, real-life materials are regarded effective to motivate learners in learning English. Thirdly, real-life materials can increase learners communicative competence. Fourthly, Rogers and Medley (1988) further add that authentic materials are resourceful materials to learn the culture of the target language. Lastly, authentic materials do not only benefit the students.

Firstly, Rogers and Medley (1988) argue that unedited authentic materials are too difficult to understand by learners. It is because authentic materials contain complex words and language features (Gilmore, 2007). Secondly, Martinez (2002) as cited in Al-Azri and Al-Rashdi (2014) note that authentic materials might be culturally biased. It is because most EFL learners have different cultural background with the target language.

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ADVANTAGES OF USE NON-AUTHENTIC MATERIALS

DISADVANTAGES OF USING AUTHENTIC MATERIALS

Non-authentic materials are considered more suitable and appropriate for the learners.non-authentic materials such as textbooks are designed by the teacher based on the learners' capability and language level. Thus, it is easier for the learner to master the lesson

non-authentic materials are designed and simplified by teachers, it makes non-authentic materials seem unnatural. Textbooks and simplified learning materials are considered giving lack of exposure to the real English language use in daily life. Thus, it is argued that giving the learners authentic materials should be encouraged.

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References

Febrina, W. (2017). Authentic vs Non-Authentic Materials in Teaching English as a Foreign Language (EFL) in Indonesia: Which One Matters More?. https://papers.iafor.org/submission38649/Maley, A. (2016). Principles and Procedures in Materials Development. In M. Azarnoosh, M. Zeraatpishe, A. Faravani & H. Kargozari, Issues in Materials Development (4th ed., pp. 11-29). Rotterdam. https://bibliotecavirtual.unad.edu.co/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=1204864&lang=es&site=eds-live&scope=site&ebv=EB&ppid=pp_11

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