Micro and Macroskills

Micro and Macroskills of speaking

What are microskills?

What are macroskills?

The micro-skills refer to producing the smaller chunks of language such as phonemes, morphemes, words, collocations, and phrasal words.

The macro skills imply the speakers focus on the larger elements: fluency, discourse, function, style, cohesion, nonverbal communication, and strategic options.

6 Macroskills

10 Microskills

1. Produce chunks of language of different lengths.

2. Accomplish appropriately communicative functions according to situations, participants, and goals.

1. Use cohesive devices in spoken discourse.

2. Orally produce differences among the English phonemes and allophonic variants.

4. Produce reduced forms of words and phrases.

3. Produce English stress patterns, words in stressed and unstressed positions, rhythmic structure, and intonational contours.

4. Convey links and connections between events and communicate such relations as main idea, supporting idea, new information, given information, generalization, and exemplification.

3. Use appropriate registers, implicature, pragmatic conventions, and other sociolinguistic features in face-to-face conversations.

6. Produce fluent speech at different rates of delivery.

5. Use an adequate number of lexical units (words) in order to accomplish pragmatic purposes.

6. Develop and use a battery of speaking strategies, such as emphasizing key words, rephrasing, providing a context for interpreting the meaning of words, appealing for help, and accurately assessing how well your interlocutor is understanding you.

5. Use facial features, kinesics, body language, and other nonverbal cues along with verbal language to convey meanings.

7. Monitor your own oral production and use various strategic devices—pauses, fillers, self-corrections, backtracking—to enhance the clarity of the message.

8. Use grammatical word classes (nouns, verbs, etc.), systems (e.g., tense, agreement, pluralization), word order, patterns, rules, and elliptical forms.

Literatura revisada B. (2015). Teaching by Principles: An Interactive Approach to Leng. Ped: An Interactive Approach to Language Pedagogy. Pearson Education.

MEMBERS González Sánchez Erick Hernández Delgado Saúl Ozias Hernández García Juan de Dios Morán Espinosa Marijose Labastida Libreros César Omar

9. Produce speech in natural constituents—in appropriate phrases, pause groups, breath groups, and sentences.

10. Express a particular meaning in different grammatical forms.