DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

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How do we obtain energy from food?

Our personal and cultural preferences in food is influenced by our needs and the efficiency of digestive systems to transform food into energy and nutrients.

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Key Concept: Systems

Systems can be defined as a set of interrelated and interdependent components or parts that work together to achieve a common goal. In a system, each component or part has a specific role to play, and any change to one part of the system can affect the entire system.

Related Concept: Transformation and Energy

Transformation can be defined as a change from one state, form, or substance to another. Energy is the ability to do work or produce heat or light.

Global context: Personal and Cultural Expression

This global context considers the role of cultural traditions and practices in shaping personal and collective identities.

Definition

The digestive system is the group of organs in our body that work together to break down the food we eat into smaller pieces so that our body can use it for energy and nutrients. The digestive system plays a very important role in keeping our bodies healthy by providing us with the nutrients we need to grow and stay strong.

Digestive System - Parts

The digestive system is made of up of organs that work together to break down food.

3. Absortion

1. Ingestion

The process of taking in nutrients from food into the bloodstream

The process of taking in food through the mouth

4.Elimination

2. Digestion

The process of breaking down food into smaller molecules that can be absorbed by the body

The process of expelling waste products from the body as fece

INGESTION

The process of taking food through the mouth

Teeths are used to help maintain food stay inside our mouth.

INGESTION

Ingestion is the process of taking food into the mouth. This is the first step in the digestive process.

Tongue is used for help to enters food

DIGESTION

The process of breaking down food into smaller molecules that can be absorbed by the body

DIGESTION TYPES:

CHEMICAL

MECHANICAL

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Is the physical breakdown of food into smaller pieces, without changing the chemical nature of the food.

Is the process by which enzymes break down food into smaller molecules that can be absorbed and used by the body.

DIGESTION:

MOUTH

Food is mechanically broken down by the teeth and tongue, and chemically broken down by enzymes in saliva. Mechanical digestion breaks the food into smaller pieces, while chemical digestion breaks down carbohydrates through the action of amylase enzymes

STOMACH

The food is further mechanically digested by the churning and mixing action of the stomach muscles. Chemical digestion continues with the help of stomach acid and enzymes that break down proteins into smaller peptides. The stomach also releases food slowly into the small intestine.

SMALL INTESTINE

The food is further chemically broken down by enzymes from the pancreas and bile from the liver. The pancreas releases enzymes that break down carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, while bile helps to break down fats.

ABSORTION

The process of taking in nutrients from food into the bloodstream

ABSORTION

SMALL INTESTINE

LARGE INTESTINE

The small intestine is the primary site of nutrient absorption. The walls of the small intestine are lined with tiny finger-like projections called villi, which increase the surface area for absorption. Nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream through the walls of the villi and transported to the liver for processing.

The main function of the large intestine is to absorb water and electrolytes from the undigested material that remains after digestion is complete. These absorbed substances are then transported into the bloodstream.

ELIMINATION

The process of expelling waste products from the body as fece

Timeline Elimination Process

The undigested material moves from the large intestine into the rectum, which is the final portion of the digestive tract.

As the waste material passes through the anus, it is eliminated from the body

When the rectum is full, nerve signals are sent to the brain, triggering the urge to defecate.

The rectum stores the waste material until it is ready to be eliminated. This process is controlled by the anal sphincter, a ring-like muscle that keeps the anus closed until it's time to defecate.

When you're ready to defecate, the anal sphincter relaxes, allowing the waste material to pass out of the body through the anus.

SUMMARY

The digestive system is responsible for breaking down food into nutrients that can be absorbed and used by the body. The process involves ingestion, mechanical and chemical digestion, absorption of nutrients, and elimination of waste. Mechanical digestion breaks down food into smaller pieces, while chemical digestion uses enzymes to break down food into its component nutrients. Nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream in the small intestine and waste is eliminated through the rectum and anus.

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