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Somatosensory Function and Pa

SHANEKA DUMAS

Created on March 8, 2023

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Somatosensory Function And Pain

learn

Shaneka Dumas, BSN, RNMarch 10, 2023

Outcomes

  • Recognize somatosensory system function
  • Recognize pain types and regulation by the somatosensory system
  • Analyze how somatosensory inputs affect pain regulation
  • Recognize pain management with somatosensory techniques

PAIN THEORies

Pain Theories

Pain is the product of the brain processing of sensory information.

Neuromatrix Theory

The spinal cord acts as a "gate" that opens and closes to allow pain signals to pass through to the brain.

Gate Control Theory

Pattern Theory

Pain receptors share pathways and are affected by emotions and sensations.

Pain is caused by a specific stimulus.

Specificity Theory

Pain Theories

Pain is the product of the brain processing of sensory information.

Neuromatrix Theory

The spinal cord acts as a "gate" that opens and closes to allow pain signals to pass through to the brain.

Gate Control Theory

Pattern Theory

Pain is a pattern of nerve impulses caused by emotions and sensations.

Pain is caused by a specific stimulus.

Specificity Theory

Somatosensory

Somatosensory: Keeping The Body In Check

  • Provides information to central nervous system (CNS) through
    • Somatic afferent neurons
      • About touch, temperature, pain
      • From the peripheral nervous system (PNS)
      • To the brain and spinal cord
    • Somatic Efferent neurons
      • About voluntary motor control and movement
      • From the CNS
      • To the skeletal muscles

How Pain Works

STEPS OF SENSATION

Steps of Somatic Sensation

First-Order Neurons

01

Pain receptors detect damage

Second-Order Neurons

02

Nerves then send signals to thalamus

Third-Order Neurons

03

  1. The brain analyzes signal
  2. The brain sends a message back

DermatomeS

Dermatome Distribution

  • Specific areas of skin used to determine
    • Location of nerve injury
    • Severity of nerve injury
    • Effective pain management plan

TYPES OF PAIN

Dermatome distribution. (From Hinkle J. L., Cheever K. H. (2018). Brunner & Suddarth’s textbook of medical-surgical nursing (14th ed., Fig. 65-9, p. 1953). Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.)

Types of Pain

Chronic

Acute

Deep Somatic

Cutaneous

Neuropathic

Visceral

Referrred

Nociceptive

PAIN ASSESSMENT

Pain Assessment: Recognize and Analyze Cues

Get to the source of discomfort

  • When did the pain begin?
  • Where did it start?
  • Did it spread to other areas?
  • How did the client rate the pain?
  • What does the pain feel like?
  • What makes the pain better or worse?
  • How does the client emotionally react to the pain?

Relief with Ease: The Basics Management of Pain

Therapeutic Approaches

  • Heat and cold therapy
  • Analgesic methods induced by stimulation
    • TENS unit
  • Pharmacologic agents
  • Early treatment or prevention
  • Psychological support
  • Interdisciplinary approach

Questions?

Test Your Knowledge

References

McGee, A. (2019). How Pain Works Animation - Pain Sensation Pathway and Brain Respond to Pain Video- Nervous System [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K6jKkOaDY90Norris, T. L. (2020). Lippincott CoursePoint Enhanced for Porth's Essentials of Pathophysiology (5th ed.). Wolters Kluwer Health. https://coursepoint.vitalsource.com/books/9781975128944