BLANK PRESENTATION

THE ROMAN EMPIRE

FIND ON: Focus/SCOPRI ROMA

THE HISTORY OF ROME

The stages of the foundation of the city were transmitted in the guise of a legend, denying, in some cases, the veracity of the monarchy of the capital. From the twentieth century, thanks to the study of some archaeological remains, it was possible to examine the historical data brought by the legend.

Certainly the first inhabitants of Rome came from various areas and did not have the economic and cultural development of their neighbours in the north, the Etruscans, nor of those in the south, the Sabines and the Latins. In the Palatine area, archaeologists found the remains of an 8th-century B.C. settlement and it is likely that the inhabitants of this area later occupied the surrounding areas of the hill and valley.

EMPIRE, 27 a.C. - 476 d.C.

The Roman Empire in full expansion Between 14 B.C. and 68 A.D. various descendants of Augustus reached power: Tiberius, Caligula, Claudius and Nero. Dynastic continuity was interrupted by the civil war From 235 to 300 AD, the only priority of Rome was the defense of the borders of the Empire from the continuous attacks of barbarians and those who came from the Sassanid Empire of Persia. The pressure of these peoples motivated the assumption of power by the army from 235, historical moment known as "Military Anarchy" and that lasted about fifty years.

HIGH EMPIRE

The consequences of this war were the need to safeguard the army and the high degree of indebtedness to support the military forces, was the religious crisis, partly encouraged by the invasion of new Eastern cults. Diocletian’s persecution of Christians, also called the "Great Persecution", was nothing more than an attempt to nullify the risk of ideological invasion. In 284 A.D. a military revolt saved the Empire, proclaiming Diocletian emperor. During his rule the Tetrarchy was established, a political system that divided the Empire between two Augusti and two Caesars.

EMPIRE, 305 - 476 d.C.

In this stage the capital of the Empire fi moved to Byzantium, a place that was rebuilt at the behest of the Emperor. From 8 November 324 (date of its inauguration) Byzantium assumed the name of Constantinople (city of Constantine). From the abdication of Diocletian in 305, a series of struggles lasted until 312, when Constantine became the sole emperor of the West and later established Christianity as an official religion.

LOWER EMPIRE

Under Theodosius, the Empire was divided between his two sons, Arcadius and Honorius, resulting in the creation of the Western and Eastern Roman Empire. In 475 the Western Roman Empire fell, while the Eastern Empire, later called the Byzantine Empire, survived until 1453, the date of the fall of Constantinople (present-day Istanbul).

THE REPUBLIC, 509 - 27 a.C.

The period of transition from the Monarchy to the Republic was followed by various internal social tensions, which the neighboring populations took advantage of to reduce the territorial control of Rome and achieve its disappearance. From that moment, during the first seventy years of the Republic, Rome had to redefine its identity on various occasions. Historians unanimously believe that the Consulate - a double judiciary active during the Republic - was not born immediately after the expulsion of Tarquinio.

FROM MONARCHY TO THE REPUBLIC

PT 2.

The commonly accepted thesis holds that, in the transition from the Monarchy to the Consulate, there was an intermediate phase in which a praetor maximus (praetor) was appointed for a year and which, later, split its functions. Although they were already approaching the binary system of consuls, they continued to be appointed praetors until 449 BC, the date of the promulgation of the Valeria Horatia law. Since 485 there have been subversive actions of the patriciate, which passed to control all the civil and religious judiciary, excluding the plebeians from any kind of responsibility in the government.

ROMAN LAW

This corpus of laws had a sacred character, as did the monarchy and the college of pontiffs. According to Livy, the 12th Tablets were the basis of Roman law, both public and private. Besides the struggle between patricians and plebeians, the Republic was characterized by the expansion of the power of Rome throughout the Italian peninsula, but also by the civil wars and the promulgation of the body of laws of the XII Tables, in 450 B.C. Le XII Tavole - so called because they were written, In fact, on twelve tables - form the oldest Roman law code in the world, constituting the legal bases of Western law.

THE END

MADE BY: Leonardo Nespoli

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