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DSME Class 1: Introduction to Diabetes

The Collaborative

Created on March 2, 2023

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Diabetes Self Management

A guide to diabetes and self-care

Goals

Main Take Aways for Module 1

Learn the Basics of Diabetes and Insulin

By the end of today you'll be able to define the different types of Diabetes and insulin

Understand the Signs and Symptoms & Risk Factors

Become aware of what could be happening in your body

Understand Tests for Diagnosis

How diabetes is diagnosed

Coping with Diabetes

Take back control of your life

Index

What Happens When We Eat?

Bio & Introduction & Goals

All About Insulin, Precautions and Side Effects

What is Diabetes?

Tests and Diagnosis

3 Main Types of diabetes T1, T2, GD

Managing & Monitoring your Diabetes

Signs & Symptoms

10 Coping with Diabetes

Risk Factors

Ice Breaker

Share your Joy! Tell us what brought you joy this week!

Welcome!

To the Diabetes Self Management Course

Hello friends ad welcome to the Frazier Famil Coalition for Stroke Prevention and education! Jefferson Collaborative for Health Equity (The Collaborative) and in partnership between Thomas Jefferson University (Jefferson) and Temple Health (Temple), The Frazier Family Coalition for Stroke Education and Prevention was launched in May 2020. Frazier Family Coalition’s purpose is to improve the lives of the residents of North Philadelphia through a multifaceted program targeting a reduction in the number of strokes, helping residents receive quality healthcare that is comprehensive, culturally competent, and connected with a wide array of health and wellness services throughout the area. My name is Erica Rathie. I work at Jefferson and hear at the Frazier Family Coalition. One of my greatest passions is helping other diabetics live their happiest and healthiest lives!.... Oh yeah, did I mention I am a Type 1 diabetic as well! Ice Breaker!

+ INFO

What is Diabetes?

Diabetes is a disease that causes high blood glucose. When you have diabetes your body either does not produce enough insulin (insulin deficiency) or your body cannot use it properly (insulin resistence)

Brain Break

stand up & stretch

When were you diagnosed? What did you already know about diabetes?

There are 3 Main Types of Diabetes

Type 2 Diabetes

Type 1 Diabetes

Gestational Diabetes

Basics of Type 1 Diabetes

In T1 Diabetes

Rates of Type 1 Diabetes

Very little or no insulin is released by the pancreas

1.45 million americans are living with T1D. 64,000 are diagnosed each year.By the year 2040 2.1 million people are expected to have T1D

Why Does This Happen?

Without insulin...

The short answer? Doctors and researchers are still trying to figure it out...

glucose continues to build up in the blood stream, the body gets rid of some of the excess by urination, taking a lot of water with it causing extreme thirst

Whats Happening in the Body?

What happens Next

The pancreas, which is in charge of producing insulin gets attacked by the boddy's own immune system. Destroying the cells that produce insulin. It is believed that it may be triggered by a virus

Since your cells are not getting the energy needed the body begins to burn energy from fat resulting in rapid weight loss and and can eventually lead to Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)

Signs and Symptoms of T1 Diabetes

Risk Factors for Type 1 Diabetes

A Virus

Family History

A risk factor is something that increases a person's likelihood of developing a disease. For example, smoking cigarettes is a risk factor for developing lung cancer. Risk factors for T1D are not as clearly defined or understood as they are for T2D.

Age

Race and Ethnicity

Basics of Type 2 Diabetes

In Type 2 Diabetes

Symptoms

The pancreas is still producing some insulin but the body's cells do not respond to it as it should. This is called insulin resistance & eventually the body cannot keep up with the amount of insulin needed and blood glucose begins to rise

Some people do not experience symptom at all when their blood glucose is too high... But others may experience some (which we will discuss more later on)

Why does this happen

A Progressive Disease

There is a problem in the body's self defense system that destroys the pancreas cells that produce insulin, cells do not use insulin properly

At diagnosis the body is typically still producing some insulin, but over the years may stop producing it all

90-95%

The most common form of diabetes is Type 2

Signs and Symptoms of Type 2 Diabetes

Many of the signs and symptoms of Type 1 Diabetes are the same for individuals with Type 2 Diabetes

Basics of Gestational Diabetes

Mothers bodies cannot produce enough insulin

Occurs in 2-5%

Of pregancies and usually develops during the last 3 months .

High levels of glucose in the blood during pregnancy can result in a very large baby and other birth complications

Gestational Diabetes can go away

Pregancy Hormones

Cause insulin resistance

Gestational diabetes typically goes away after birth

Women with Gestational Diabetes

Ae at higher risk of T2D, over half of the women with GD go on to develop T2 in the next 5-10 years after preganacy

Risk Factors of Type 2 Diabetes

History of Gestational diabetes or having a baby weighing more than 9lbs

Overweight or Obese

Inactive Lifestyle

Race or Ethnicity

Family History of Diabetes

Past Hx with Gestational diabetes

Overweight before getting pregnant

A Strong family history of diabetes in your family

Glucose in urine

Brain Break

touch your toes & torso Twists

Are you on any medications to help control your diabetes? What are some (if any) barriers you face related to medications?

What Happens When We Eat?

Digestion begins once food is consumed

Salivary glands moisten food into a bolus
esophagus transports the food into the stomach
Meanwhile the liver detoxifies certain molecules, stores vitamins, etc.
The stomach stores food and begins protein digestion
The pancreas releases digestive enzymes and hormones such as insulin
Food moves from the stomach to the small intestine and absorbs nutrients
The large instestine absorbs water and ions

All About Insulin

Insulin is a hormone that is usually produced by the pancreas. Normally, insulin is released in a slow and steady stream, throughout the day. This is also known as BASAL insulin. For those who do not produce insulin at all, and those who produce very little; Insulin therapy is required. This means you inject yourself with insulin to replace what your body cannot make and allow the body's cells to function properly.

How Insulin Works

Insulin

Click on the plus signs to learn more

Different Types of Insulin

Source of Insulin

Side Effects

VS

Hyperglycemia

Hypoglycemia

Happens when there is too much sugar in the blood. This occurs when the body has too little insulin or cannot use insulin properly.

Not having enough glucose in the blood can cause low blood sugar or hypoglycemia

+ INFO

Treating Low Blood Sugar

Check Blood Sugar with Monitor

15-15 Rule

Experience Symptoms

Repeat as Necessary

Consume 15 grams of quick acting carbohydrates and check blood glucose after 15 minutes

If after 15 minuets blood sugar is still low consume 15 more grams of carbs and continue to check blood glucose until it is over 70 mg/dL

Using a finger prick monitor check blood a reading of 70mg/dL ior lower is considered low

Noticing syptoms of: shakiness, sweating, confusion and weakness

Blood Glucose Chart

Oral Glucose Tolerance Test

Fasting Plasma Glucose Test

Random Blood Glucose Test

A1C Testing

Benefits of Monitoring Blood Glucose Levels

Not checking your blood sugar is like driving with out any of the Instruments

+ INFO

Monitoring Blood Glucose

Regular blood sugar monitoring is the most important thing you can do to manage your siabetes. You will be able to see what is making your numbers go up and down. With this information you can work with your health care team to mack decisions about the best diabetes plan for you.

How To Use a Blood Sugar Monitor

Step 1

Step 2

Step 3

Step 4

Step 5

Make sure the meter is clean.

Prick Finger

Log Blood Sugar

Make Note

Clean Up & Share Results

After a few seconds your blood sugar reading will appear. Log this down on your log sheet

After loging your blood sugar before and after your meal make notes of anything that could have made the reading out of your target range

Using the lancet to prick finer and place a drop of blood at the end of the test strip

Properly dispose of lancet and test strip. Make sure to never share blood sugar monitoring equipment. Keep past records and use them with your doctor to be the healthiest you can be

Wipe it down with a anti bacterial wipe and wash your hands

Blood Sugar Log Sheet

Use a log sheet like this one where you can note your blood sugar before and after each meal, the amount of carbs you consumed, and any notes about what happened during the day.

Precautions for Diabetics

Diabetes is a life long responsibility that you must manage. Here are some steps you can take to avoid diabetic complications and live the healthiest life.

Take Care of Your Teeth

Commit to Managing Your Diabetes

Pay Attention to Your Feet

Don't Smoke

Keep Blood Pressure & Cholesterol Controlled

Consider a Daily Asprin

Drink Alcohol Responsibly

Regular Physicals & Eye Exams

Take Stress Seriously

Keep Vaccines Up to Date

Brain Break

Let's shake it out & find your center

What are some of your techniques to handle diabetes and life stressors?

Coping With Diabetes

Diagnosed... Now What?

Just like regular life, coping with a diagnosis of diabetes is full of frustrations and challenges. Learning how to cope with these difficulties will make living with diabetes easier and more manageable. There are many influences on how a person copes with their diagnosis. mobility, financial situations, adverse living and working envionments as well as many other fators play a role in how someone copes with their diabetes In this section we will talk about some of the ways to manage diabetes related stress, burn out, barriers to care and other issues.

Shock & Denial

Anger & Resentment

Feeling like your body betrayed you and resentment for doing the right thing and still getting diagnosed are common and normal..

When bad things happen, a first response is often shock, followed buy denial which is your minds way of protecting you from bad news...

+ INFO

Saddness, Worry & Depression

Guilt & Self Blame

No one has control of their genetics ...

if diagnosis leads to not being able to do the things you once lovedsaddness is a is a normal response

+ INFO

Problem Solving Activity

Describe the problem

Write down what was done, said, thought and felt about the the problem behavior

Describe a typical day where the problem behavior happened

Work backwads from when the behavior occured and note the thooughts and feeliings experienced when the problem occured and the aftermath

Describe a behavior that was successfully changed

Focus on ANY progress you have made, even if it's just a little thing. More positive thougths lead to more positive behavior

Describe in detail different solutions to the problem behavior

Look at the chain of events leading to the problem behaviors. At each link in the chain write down what you could have done to prevent the problem behavior from happening. Write down as many solutiuons that you can

Describe in detail the prevention plan to use when in that or similar situations again

How can you keep this from happening again? Choose a solution you came up with and try it. Don't get discouraged, it may take a few tries to get it right.

Web links

References

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