The Information Processing Model
Maggie Hickey
Created on February 28, 2023
The Information Processing Model of Memory is a theoretical framework that describes how our brains process, store, and retrieve information. It has three main stages: sensory memory, working memory, and long-term memory.
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Transcript
The information processing model
Click on a word to learn more.
SENSORYMEMORY
Sensory memory is the first stage of memory processing. It is the ability of our brain to register information from our senses (sight, sound, smell, touch, taste) and hold it for a brief moment. Sensory memory acts as a buffer, holding onto incoming sensory information long enough for it to be recognized and processed.
WORKING MEMORY
The second stage of memory processing is working memory. Information enters our Working Memory when we decide to pay attention to it. It is the place where we hold and manipulate information for short periods of time,usually seconds to minutes. Working memory is a "mental workspace" that allows us to hold information in our minds while performing mental operations on it, such as problem solving or decision making. Working memory is limited in capacity and can only hold a limited amount of information at any given time.
LONG-TERMMEMORY
The third and final stage of memory processing is Long-Term Memory. Information arrives in Long-Term Memory after it has been encoded. Information in Long-Term Memory cannot be directly interacted with. It must be retrieved from Long-Term Memory and returned to Working Memory, where the information can be processed once more. Long-term memory stores all of our knowledge and experiences, and can last from minutes to years. Long-term memory has an infinite capacity and can store massive amounts of data.
Stimuli
Stimuli are any sensory inputs that are received, such as visual images, sounds, smells, tastes, and touch sensations. When stimuli are presented to a person, the sensory memory system registers them first. Unless stimuli are attended to, they are quickly forgotten.
Attention
Attention is the selective process by which the brain focuses on some stimuli while ignoring others. Once attention is directed to a piece of information or stimuli, the information moves from Sensory Memory into Working Memory.
Encode
Encoding is the process of converting information from our senses into a format that can be stored in our brains. In general, rehearsal is required to encode information. Information can be encoded in a variety of ways, including visual encoding (remembering images), acoustic encoding (remembering sounds), and semantic encoding (remembering meaning).
Retrieve
Retrieval is the process of accessing information stored in long-term memory. Information in Long-Term Memory cannot be directly interacted with. It must be retrieved from Long-Term Memory and returned to Working Memory, where the information can be processed once more.
Rehearsal
Rehearsal is the process of repeating or elaborating on information in order to keep it in Working Memory. Rehearsal aids in the transfer of information from Working Memory to Long-Term Memory. In general, the goal of Rehearsal is Encoding, or the storage of information in Long-Term Memory. There are two types of rehearsal: maintenance (repeating information without trying to give it meaning) and elaborative (making connections between new information and what we already know).
Unrehearsed information is lost.
Unattended information is lost.
Some information may be lost overtime.
The information processing model
Click on a word to learn more.
?
Sensory memory is the first stage of memory processing. It is the ability of our brain to register information from our senses (sight, sound, smell, touch, taste) and hold it for a brief moment. Sensory memory acts as a buffer, holding onto incoming sensory information long enough for it to be recognized and processed.
?
The second stage of memory processing is working memory. Information enters our Working Memory when we decide to pay attention to it. It is the place where we hold and manipulate information for short periods of time,usually seconds to minutes. Working memory is a "mental workspace" that allows us to hold information in our minds while performing mental operations on it, such as problem solving or decision making. Working memory is limited in capacity and can only hold a limited amount of information at any given time.
?
The third and final stage of memory processing is Long-Term Memory. Information arrives in Long-Term Memory after it has been encoded. Information in Long-Term Memory cannot be directly interacted with. It must be retrieved from Long-Term Memory and returned to Working Memory, where the information can be processed once more. Long-term memory stores all of our knowledge and experiences, and can last from minutes to years. Long-term memory has an infinite capacity and can store massive amounts of data.
The information processing model
Click on a word to learn more.
SENSORYMEMORY
Sensory memory is the first stage of memory processing. It is the ability of our brain to register information from our senses (sight, sound, smell, touch, taste) and hold it for a brief moment. Sensory memory acts as a buffer, holding onto incoming sensory information long enough for it to be recognized and processed.
WORKING MEMORY
The second stage of memory processing is working memory. Information enters our Working Memory when we decide to pay attention to it. It is the place where we hold and manipulate information for short periods of time,usually seconds to minutes. Working memory is a "mental workspace" that allows us to hold information in our minds while performing mental operations on it, such as problem solving or decision making. Working memory is limited in capacity and can only hold a limited amount of information at any given time.
LONG-TERMMEMORY
The third and final stage of memory processing is Long-Term Memory. Information arrives in Long-Term Memory after it has been encoded. Information in Long-Term Memory cannot be directly interacted with. It must be retrieved from Long-Term Memory and returned to Working Memory, where the information can be processed once more. Long-term memory stores all of our knowledge and experiences, and can last from minutes to years. Long-term memory has an infinite capacity and can store massive amounts of data.