Means of Transport

Means of Transport

Worke done by:Gustavo Martins Ramos, nº9 of 8ºA

Introduction

With this work I intend to know something that we use and see daily, which are the means of transport. Who originated each one of them and their advantages and disadvantages.

Aerial means

The principals air transport and the most used are (in order) the plane, the helicopter and the hot air balloon.

• However, the first transport to be created of this type was the hot air balloon by Joseph-Ralf and Jacques-Étienne Montgolfier, two French brothers, on July 5, 1783;
• After this success, the glider was created in 1891 by the German civil engineer Karl Wilhelm Otto Lilienthal;
• Then the airship in 1900 by German Count Ferdinand Von Zeppelin;
• Six years later (in 1906) the plane by the brazilian Alberto Santos Dumont;
• Finally the helicopter in 1938 by the russian Igor Sikorsky.

With these important advances, it was possible to create other air transport, many of them non-transportable, such as the drone, but also reduced the production of some, such as, the airship, because it is raised in the air through hydrogen, which is very flammable.

Aerial means: advantages and disadvantages

Some advantages are:

• It has a great speed that makes people reach distant destinations faster;
• Allows less theft or damage to the cargo carried (something the plane can carry a lot);
• Gains access to remote areas that may be inaccessible or difficult to reach by other transport.

Some disadvantages are:

• Weight restrictions, where it has to have an equal distribution throughout the veicule;
• Increased possibility of delays or cancellations due to weather conditions or other factors;
• Limitations in urban areas, with limited space for landing and taking off.

Land transport

Before the wheel, the first land transport to be used was the horse.

• Then, in the Middle Ages, Europe manages to add the horse to the wheel, creating wagons and carriages;

It was only after the Industrial Revolution that happaned a greater evolution. This also gave rise to another format of this type of transport.

• Thus, the steam train was created in 1814 by British engineer George Stephenson;
• Three years later (1817) the bicycle is created by the German Baron Karl Von Drais;
• In 1830, the bus was invented in Paris by carriage maker George Shillibeer (initially the bus was powered by horses);
• Years later, the subway is designed in London by the British railway engineer Charles Pearson and created a year after his death (1863);
• Then in 1885, the modern car is invented by the German engineer Karl Benz and in the same year the motorcycle is invented by the German engineer Gottlieb Daimler.

Although evolution has taken time, currently the most used means of transport are land trasnports.

Land transport: advantages and disadvantages

The advantages are:

• It has low costs compared to other means of transport;
• There is more control over the path and travel time you want to follow;
• Greater flexibility and versatility in it´s use;

The disadvantages are:

• Causes traffic in urban areas, with use by many;
• It has geographic limitations, or it is necessary to have a specific land transport, to reduce these limitations;
• There are more security issues, especially for passengers on public land transport.

Water transports

The first means of transport to be created were the water ones, more specifically, the canoe and the raft.

• The creator of the canoe and the raft is unknown, but it probably came from indigenous civilizations, enabling their improvement over time;
• The first sailing boat was created in Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia around 3500 BC. starting from straw and then from cotton fabric;
• Then, at the end of the XIV century (beginning of the XV century), the Portuguese created the caravel, a type of navigation that revolutionized the way of sailing, having been essential in the period of discoveries, such as for Bartolomeu Dias to round the Cape of Good Hope and Vasco da Gama to arrive in India;
• In the XV century, Portugal developed a new means of water transport, the Nau, which gained popularity as its main function was to transport goods;
• Then, in 1788, the British inventor James Watt in partnership with Scottish businessman William Symington, gave rise to the steamboat and successively to current water transport. This also represented the changes that would prepolate the Industrial Revolution (1760);

Water transports: advantages and disadvantages

Some advantages are:

• It has a low transport cost, especially compared to air transport;
• Less fuel consumption, which makes it more economical and environmental;
• There is less congestion on these transport routes, compared to air transport and, above all, land transport.

Some disadvantages are:

• Lower speed compared to other transports;
• Maintenance and repair are more difficult and therefore more expensive;
• Pollute water and disrupt marine ecosystems.

The most safe transport

Although it doesn't seem to be, the safest mean of transport is the plane, because even if accidents with this type of transport are quite serious, they are rare to happen with the technology that exists;Then we have the train, as it has its own path, it does not deviate, in addition to having many means of security; Third, the bus; Fourth, the boat; And fifth, the subway. The car, which we use every day, is the nineth safest, ahead of the truck, this is due to the existence of a large amount of this transport (in 2021, 1.4 billion people had a car (according to the International Organization of Automobile Manufacturers )).

Conclusion

At the end of this work, we conclude that the means of transport are essential in everyday life, directly, but also indirectly for us. They allow faster and more comfortable travel, their security is better than it seems, but even so, each type of transport has its advantages and disadvantages.

Bibliography

Google translatehttps://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irm%C3%A3os_Montgolfierhttps://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bal%C3%A3o_de_ar_quente