ACADEMIC PRESENTATION II

A Dissertation Proposal

THE TOPONYMY OF PLACE NAMES IN TARUTUNG, NORTH TAPANULI – NORTH SUMATRA: AN ECOLINGUISTIC STUDY

By:Mery Silalahi

Keywords

Toponymy

Place Names in Tarutung, North Tapanuli, North Sumatra

Ecolinguistics

TOPONYMY

Toponymy is the scientific study of place names, along with their origins and meanings, based on etymological, historical,and geographical information

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

Background of the study

The name given to a particular place. The place is: A unique location A reflection of people ideas's and tangible creations Giving a place names, gives the place certain character. People make places; they do not exist in a vacuum A toponym can give us a quick glimpse into the history of a place Each category is directly associated with cultural geography

Research Questions

What the original meanings are there in place names in Tarutung, North Tapanuli?

How are the meaning realize verbally and non-verbally in the name of places in Tarutung, North Tapanuli?

Why are the meaning realize in the ways they are?

Objectives of the Study

To elucidate the original meanings that are in place names in Tarutung, North Tapanuli.

To evaluate whether the meaning of place names in Tarutung, North Tapanuli are realized verbally or non-verbally.

To explain why the meaning of place names in Tarutung, North Tapanuli realized in the ways they are.

Significances of the Study

1. The finding of the study can be used to enrich the new horizon to the theories of linguistics, particularly in ecolinguistics study. 2. The finding of the study are expected to be used as a reference for developing knowledge about the toponymy of regional names in Tarutung, North Tapanuli

1. It is hoped that people will be motivated to better maintain and preserve Tarutung. 2. Become the basis for the local government of North Tapanuli to make policies in the tourism sector. 3. It is useful for the local government of North Tapanuli in determining the city boundaries.

Theoretically

Practically

CHAPTER II

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHOD

Research Design

Observation

Qualitative Research

Classified according to Toponomy Category

Collecting Data

Selecting Data

1. the names of place in Tarutung; 2. information about the origin of the naming of places in Tarutung; 3. information about the meaning or meaning contained in the naming of the places in Tarutung.

Respondent who answer the research questions through Interview Session. Community which provides information about the meaning and origin of place naming in Tarutung.

Sources data

Data

Location

The research location is in Tarutung, North Tapanuli – North Sumatra by taking place in several places in the Tarutung area.

Informants

a man or woman who knows the origin story of naming a place in Tarutung,

physically and spiritually healthy

a culturalist who knows the intricacies of the place in Tarutung,

the natives of the place to be studied, and can communicate well.

Data Analysis

Data Collection

Data Reduction

Data Display

Conclusion

Ecolinguistics

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The traditional areas of linguistic study (phonology, morphology, syntax and semantics) are not studied or described in isolation from the person's experiences, cultural or social group memberships and/or cultural practices. Rather, the sociolinguist or anthropological linguist aims to describe language in terms of how it is lived by individuals and members of similar social or cultural groups. Studying the relationships between language and culture or examining language in its social context can lead the linguist to investigate such important phenomena as: code- switching, language variation, bilingualism, creoles and language shift, culturally defined concepts such as kinship and language avoidance, discourse and conversation analysis. Linguists employ primarily qualitative research methodologies, typically ethnography and forms of discourse analysis, to gather sufficient data to enable the rigorous analysis and synthesis of information required to adequately describe language use, however survey methods are also used in sociolinguistics.

The study of language and how they are in contact to the environment, and then given particular by the speakers, has been developed and widely known as a field named ecolinguistics. Ecolinguistics is concerned with how environment is influenced by and influences language use.

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Sociolinguistics and Pragmatics Bachman (1986) puts forth the model of language competence as consisting of organizational competence and pragmatic competence. Pragmatic competence includes illocutionary competence or the abilities to think, manipulate ideas, use imagination and search for language data, and sociolinguistic competence or knowledge of the sociolinguistic conventions which direct appropriate language use within a particular culture and varying settings/topics in that culture. Adapting Faerch and Kasper’s (1983) model of speech production that includes a communicative goal, a planning process, a plan, and the execution of that plan through neurological and physiological processes, Bachman's (1986) presents a comprehensive model of language use which maps the processes of message transmission within the framework of language use. The model points out the characteristics of language use as linguistically rule-governed by socio-cultural codes, the dimension which needs further elaboration as we are dealing with a modern living language within a living/changing and varying culture(s).

Sociolinguistics and Ecolinguistics Eignar Ingvald Haugen ( ) had not only proposed a taxonomy on borrowing-words, which has been one of the highlights in sociolinguistics, but also initiated the study of language with its relation to ecosystem, named the ecology of language in As supports and interest in the idea were growing, the study was soon developed into what it is known today as Ecolinguistics. Ecolinguistics approach emphasizes the importance of the environmental analysis in the study of language acquisition. An earlier attempt in blending the study was noted in 1912 when the American structuralist Edward Sapir ( ) published Language and Environment. At that time Sapir suggested that the study focused on the relation between the vocabulary and the natural (physical) and social environment of its users. Regarding this view, the contact between Ecolinguistics and sociolinguistics should be mainly in analyzing vocabulary changes, including their phonological and semantic aspects, with a focus on the environmental factors believed to be prominent to them.

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Sociolinguistics in the Future Sociolinguistics developed in the 1960s. The study was in progress out of the problems faced by linguistics during the years of studying speech varieties. Sociolinguistic is more challenging than math. Everywhere, in the past, present until in the future one plus one was two that was exact in math. It’s different to sociolinguistic; every language is not only changing from the time to time but also place to place. In this era there is new field called sociolinguistics and cyber- linguistics. It discusses about the netting language as the development of technology. For example; term “like” in FB, “mention” in twitter or “nge-twitt”. Nobody will deny that technology is certainly going to be one of the most influential aspects in developed societies in the future. And more critical approach in sociolinguistics should be prepared to foresee the situation.

Sociolinguistics and Applied Linguistics There are many things applied linguistics can benefit from studying sociolinguistics. Ex: In the field of translation we have some theoretical about the notions of loanwords, loanblends and loan shift, it will be straightforward assistance to translator deciding whether a foreign item is the best “fully-borrowed” , “translated”,”blended”, or “shifted”. Some understanding about geographical dialects (British and American British, Singaporean English,etc) or other varieties (standard English and informal variety) is also helpful in finding a more contextually acceptable translation. In the field of language teaching, an understanding about language functions and language attitudes are essential. Regarding the significance role of language in teaching and learning activities, a theory called language failure theory suggested that students could fail in school because they speak different language or variety of language.

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Toponymy This is the study of place names -- see next 2 slides. Consists of, or records these:  Natural features  Origins/values of inhabitants  Belief structures, religions  Current or past heroes

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Names and Language It is through language that names come to life and become part of our history and cultural landscape. Like words, names evolve through time and space. Like words, names exist in both oral and written form.

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Toplica “land”. Previous research and today`s conditions Toplica “land”is located at the south of Serbia, in the region of central Balkan. At some point of time, it probably included also the zupu Reke (Pusta reka). The name of whole area originates from the name of the river, Toplica, which runs through this region. Previous research and today`s conditions Goals, tasks and research program stages Making the list of all localities, those with material remains dating between prehistory to the 16 th century, as well as ones devastated throughout the history and witnessed today only by local tradition or toponymy. All localities, known as well as unknown and undefined, will be mapped and their locations will be presented by the positions gathered from GPS and in a digital form through numerous photographs and films and many other ways. No so long ago and still in use is the usual description of the site like: by the tradition the remains of the church/fortress/.. are situating about 2 or 3 km near/south of the/…village X on/under/.. the hill Y in the forest. Without precisely coordinates or the some sort of the guide person who already was on the site, it is very hard to find any remains, if there are any, under vegetation usual old minimum few years and sometime few decades.

Language: a systematic means of communicating ideas or feelings by the use of conventionalized signs, gestures, marks or especially articulate vocal sounds. Standard Language: Technologically advanced societies are likely to have standard language. Whose quality is a matter of cultural identity and national concern. Used by official state examinations, teachers, civil servants and others.

No so long ago and still in use is the usual description of the site like: by the tradition the remains of the church/fortress/.. are situating about 2 or 3 km near/south of the/…village X on/under/.. the hill Y in the forest. Without precisely coordinates or the some sort of the guide person who already was on the site, it is very hard to find any remains, if there are any, under vegetation usual old minimum few years and sometime few decades. Because of the exploration`s nature, the whole project is realizing in separate but parallel stages: Preparation stage: Fabrication of a detailed research program for each expedition Study of existing sources and literature Terrain exploration: Terrain reconnaissance (field survey) Historical-geography terrain research Gathering of toponyms in the area Doing GPS Education of the younger researchers in the field of the terrain`s survey methodology Assembling results: Systematization, classification, data processing, digitization Research results report Establishment of relevant base Creating maps GIS and HGIS (Historical Geographic Information System) Use and application of the research creation of the historical map of Toplica better comprehension of the history of Toplica “land” and region improve education of younger researchers application in a cultural, political and touristic domain

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