Thurgood Marshall
By Janelle Dimaya
Thurgood Marshall was born on July 2, 1908 in Baltimore, Maryland, to parents William Canfield Marshall and Norma Williams Marshall.
When this picture was taken, Marshall (top right) was the newest Supreme Court member. (1967)
Thurgood Marshall is known for being the first African American Supreme Court Justice. He served as an Associative Justice for 24 years, serving until his retirement in 1991. Thurgood Marshall was appointed by Lyndon B. Johnson in 1967.
Marshall was a critical participant in the landmark court case, Brown v. Board of Education, in which he fought against segregation in public schools. He argued that this segregation led to unequal schools for blacks and whites, contradicting the "separate but equal" doctrine. He also used the results of "The Doll Test" to his advantage, appealing to the Justices and ultimately securing victory.
Career
Nicknamed "Mr. Civil Rights", Thurgood Marshall used his skills to defend innocent African Americans in court. In fact, he won 29 out of the 32 cases he argued before the Supreme Court. Marshall challenged Southern Jim Crow Laws, going on to become the chief counsel of the NAACP and establish the NAACP Legal Defense Fund.
"The Doll Test" Kenneth and Marie Clark presented four dolls of different colors to both black and white children. They asked the children which doll they preferred, to which the majority, including black children, replied that it was the white doll. The Doll Test highlighted how segregation created a sense of inferiority among African American children. Thurgood Marshall used this evidence to appeal to the emotion of the Supreme Court Justices, winning him the case.
Thurgood Marshall died on January 24, 1993. He was 84 years old at the time of his death.
Lasting Impact
In 1930, Thurgood Marshall was rejected from the University of Maryland School of Law because of the color of his skin. He ended up attending Howard University Law School. However, the University of Maryland posthumously honored Marshall by naming a building after him in 2023. Thurgood Marshall Hall stands today!
Thurgood Marshall worked to uphold his beliefs that the "separate but equal" doctrine should be abolished, and he succeeded in doing so through diligently working his whole life. He fought for racial justice and civil rights his whole life, eventually becoming a civil rights icon himself.
Fun Fact
Memorable
Quotes
“A child born to a Black mother in a state like Mississippi... has exactly the same rights as a white baby born to the wealthiest person in the United States. It's not true, but I challenge anyone to say it is not a goal worth working for.” - Thurgood Marshall
"Where you see wrong or inequality or injustice, speak out, because this is your country. This is your democracy. Make it. Protect it. Pass it on." - Thurgood Marshall
Sources
https://www.biography.com/legal-figures/thurgood-marshall-quotes https://www.britannica.com/biography/Thurgood-Marshall
https://naacp.org/find-resources/history-explained/civil-rights-leaders/thurgood-marshall
https://www.naacpldf.org/about-us/history/thurgood-marshall/ https://www.naacpldf.org/brown-vs-board/significance-doll-test/
https://www.ducksters.com/history/civil_rights/thurgood_marshall.php
Thurgood Marshall
Anne Janelle Dimaya
Created on February 27, 2023
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Transcript
Thurgood Marshall
By Janelle Dimaya
Thurgood Marshall was born on July 2, 1908 in Baltimore, Maryland, to parents William Canfield Marshall and Norma Williams Marshall.
When this picture was taken, Marshall (top right) was the newest Supreme Court member. (1967)
Thurgood Marshall is known for being the first African American Supreme Court Justice. He served as an Associative Justice for 24 years, serving until his retirement in 1991. Thurgood Marshall was appointed by Lyndon B. Johnson in 1967.
Marshall was a critical participant in the landmark court case, Brown v. Board of Education, in which he fought against segregation in public schools. He argued that this segregation led to unequal schools for blacks and whites, contradicting the "separate but equal" doctrine. He also used the results of "The Doll Test" to his advantage, appealing to the Justices and ultimately securing victory.
Career
Nicknamed "Mr. Civil Rights", Thurgood Marshall used his skills to defend innocent African Americans in court. In fact, he won 29 out of the 32 cases he argued before the Supreme Court. Marshall challenged Southern Jim Crow Laws, going on to become the chief counsel of the NAACP and establish the NAACP Legal Defense Fund.
"The Doll Test" Kenneth and Marie Clark presented four dolls of different colors to both black and white children. They asked the children which doll they preferred, to which the majority, including black children, replied that it was the white doll. The Doll Test highlighted how segregation created a sense of inferiority among African American children. Thurgood Marshall used this evidence to appeal to the emotion of the Supreme Court Justices, winning him the case.
Thurgood Marshall died on January 24, 1993. He was 84 years old at the time of his death.
Lasting Impact
In 1930, Thurgood Marshall was rejected from the University of Maryland School of Law because of the color of his skin. He ended up attending Howard University Law School. However, the University of Maryland posthumously honored Marshall by naming a building after him in 2023. Thurgood Marshall Hall stands today!
Thurgood Marshall worked to uphold his beliefs that the "separate but equal" doctrine should be abolished, and he succeeded in doing so through diligently working his whole life. He fought for racial justice and civil rights his whole life, eventually becoming a civil rights icon himself.
Fun Fact
Memorable
Quotes
“A child born to a Black mother in a state like Mississippi... has exactly the same rights as a white baby born to the wealthiest person in the United States. It's not true, but I challenge anyone to say it is not a goal worth working for.” - Thurgood Marshall
"Where you see wrong or inequality or injustice, speak out, because this is your country. This is your democracy. Make it. Protect it. Pass it on." - Thurgood Marshall
Sources
https://www.biography.com/legal-figures/thurgood-marshall-quotes https://www.britannica.com/biography/Thurgood-Marshall
https://naacp.org/find-resources/history-explained/civil-rights-leaders/thurgood-marshall
https://www.naacpldf.org/about-us/history/thurgood-marshall/ https://www.naacpldf.org/brown-vs-board/significance-doll-test/
https://www.ducksters.com/history/civil_rights/thurgood_marshall.php