Government in the United Kingdom

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Government in the United Kingdom

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The following presentation explains how the system of government of the United Kingdom (England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland) works, because the government is still a monarchy. There will also be talk of who makes up the chambers and mention will be made of the four Prime Ministers of the United Kingdom since each country that makes up the kingdom, has a different Prime Minister.

Summary

Prime Minister of Northern Ireland: Paul Givan

First Minister of Scotland: Nicola Sturgeon

First Minister of Wales:Mark Drakeford

Prime Minister of England: Rishi Sunak

Government personalities of the chambers

Monarchy in the United Kingdom

Contents

King Charles III

Camilla Parker Bowles, Duchess of Cornwall

Monarchy is the oldest form of government in the United Kingdom. In a monarchy, a king or queen is the head of state. In the UK the sovereign may be the head of state, but he or she doesn’t hold the power to make and pass legislation. This duty resides with an elected Parliament. Even though the sovereign no longer performs an executive role, he or she continues to play an important part in the nation.

Monarchy in the United Kingdom

A coronation is the ceremony at which the monarch is formally crowned. It takes place after a period of mourning for the previous sovereign.Elizabeth II became Queen on 6 February 1952 on the death of her father King George VI, but was not crowned until 2 June 1953.

What happens at a coronation?

Queen Elizabeth II

Prince Philip, Duke of Edinbrugh

It is said that the King (Queen) is the ruler, but he only reigns. The actual ruling is done by his/her government and, according to their constitution he is obliged to follow his/her government’s advice. The monarch undertakes constitutional and representational duties.

The monarch is the head of state

Other Functions

State Opening and the King's Speech

Appointing a government

Give royal assent to bills

Open new sessions of parliament

• Chair monthly meetings of the Privy Council • Approve orders in council. • Receive incoming and outgoing ambassadors. • Make host of other appointments • Has a weekly audience with the Prime Minister • Receives daily boxes of state papers so they can be signed.

Principal functions

The monarch is also head of nation

The King/Queen acts as national identity, unity, and pride. He/She gives a sense of stability. This role has been continually fulfilled through speeches such as the Queen’s address to the nation during the covid and the annual broadcast on Christmas through giving honours to recognise public and voluntary service, and through visits to the armed forces, schools, hospitals, charities, and local organizations.

The King is also head of state of 14 other countries around the world, known as the realms: they include Australia, Canada, Jamaica and New Zealand. And the King is Head of the Commonwealth, a voluntary association of 54 states, mainly former British colonies and dependencies.

Head of state

The UK parliament is composed by the house of commons and the house of lords. Both houses work on behalf of the United Kingdom citizens to check the work of the Government, make and shape laws, and to debate current issues of the country. The house of commons is also responsible for granting money to the government by approving bills (to raise taxes). The decisions usually must be approved in both houses to be made effective. This way the two-chamber system acts as checks and balances for both houses.

It is composed of a two house system

The UK parliament

The Leader of the House is responsible for delivery of the government’s legislative programme and chairs the Parliamentary Business and Legislation Cabinet Committee.

The commons are publicly elected and is the party with the largest number of members. The members debate the big political issues of the day and proposals for new laws. It is one of the key places where principal figures of the parties, like the Prime Minister, work. The commons are responsible for taking decisions on financial bills.

The UK public elects 650 members of parliament also known as MPs to represent their interests and concerns. They consider and propose new laws and can question the ministers about current issues either in the Commons Chamber or in committees.

House of Commons

Penny Mordaunt, Leader of the House since September 2022

The role involves managing the business of the House of Commons in close cooperation with the Chief Whip, making a weekly business statement to the House and facilitating motions and debate in the Chamber. The Leader of the House acts as the government’s representative in the House (by statute sitting on the House of Commons Commission, Public Accounts Commission, and the Speaker’s Committee on the Independent Parliamentary Standards Authority); and as the House’s representative in government, including by contributing to the civil service’s efforts to build parliamentary capability and by taking up members’ requests for help on ministerial correspondence and questions.

Leader of the House

Sir Keir Starmer

Simno Hart

Prime Minister

Rishi Sunak

Sir Lindsay Hoyle

Speaker

Leader of the Opposition

Dame Eleanor Laing

Penny Mordaunt

Chairman of ways and means

Leader of the House

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Government Chief Whip

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Leadership

Sir Alan Cambell

Opposition Chief Whip

Thangam Debbonaire

Shadow Leader of the House

Leadership

The lords are responsible for examining bills, question government action and investigating public policy.

This house is the second chamber of the UK parliament. It’s independent from the house of commons and complements their work.

The members are elected by heredity, appointed by the King (on advice of the prime minister), or official function.

The House of Lords

Nicholas True, Leader of the House since September 2022

The Leader of the House of Lords is responsible for the organisation of government business in the House, providing assistance to all Lords and offering advice on procedure. The Leader also expresses the collective feelings of the House on formal occasions, such as motions of thanks or congratulations. Lord True was appointed Lord Privy Seal and Leader of the House of Lords on 6 September 2022.

Leader of the House

The Lord Kennedy of Southwark

The Baroness Williams of Trafford

Leader of the House

The Lord True

The Lord McFall of Alcuith

Lord Speaker

Opposition Chief Whip

The Lord Gardiner of Kimble

The Baroness Smith of Basildon

Senior Deputy Speaker

Shadow Leader of the House

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Government Chief Whip

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Leadership

Prime Minister of England: Rishi Sanak

David Cameron(2010-2016)

Rishi Sunak(2023-Present)

Liz Truss (2022)

Boris Johnson (2019-2022)

Theresa May (2016-2019)

Gordon Brown (2007-2010)

Tony Blair(1997-2007)

John Major (1990-1997)

Prime Minister of England

He is a english politician, Prime Minister of the England and leader of the Conservative and Unionist Party since October 2022. Between February 13, 2020 and July 5, 2022, he worked as Chancellor of the Exchequer. He has been a member of Parliament for Richmond since 2015.

Rishi Sanak

Born in Southampton to parents of Indian descent who immigrated to Britain from East Africa in the 1960s, he was educated at Winchester College. Subsequently, he studied philosophy, politics, and economics at Lincoln College, Oxford, and then earned an MBA from Stanford University in California, with a Fulbright scholarship in 2005.4 While studying at Stanford, he met his future wife Akshata Murty. , the daughter of N. R. Narayana Murthy, the Indian billionaire businessman who founded Infosys. Sunak and Murty are two of the 222 richest people in Britain, with a combined fortune of £730 million as of 2022. 5 After graduating, he worked for Goldman Sachs and then as a partner in hedge fund firms The Children's Investment Fund Management and Theleme Partners.

In the past, his resignation from Boris Johnson's government in July 2022 was the main trigger for the downfall of the charismatic conservative leader. Then his defeat in the race to lead the party put Liz Truss at the helm of the British government. Now, just three months after the start of the political crisis, Rishi Sunak is having the last laugh.

In history, he is the first of Indian origin to serve as Prime Minister and at 42 he is the youngest in over 200 years to reach 10 Downing Street, the seat of government. The former finance minister is the third to hold the position in just seven weeks, after the resignations of Boris Johnson and Liz Truss

Prime Minister of Wales

Mark Drakeford2018-Present

Carwyn Jones2009-2018

Rhodri Morgan2000-2009

Alun Michael 1999-2000

First Minister of Wales

Mark Drakeford

Born 19 September 1954, Carmarthen, Carmarthenshire, Wales. Is a Welsh politician serving as First Minister of Wales and Leader of Welsh Labour since 2018. He previously served in the Welsh Government as Cabinet Secretary for Finance from 2016 to 2018 and Minister for Health and Social Services from 2013 to 2016. Drakeford was first elected as the Member of the Senedd (MS) for Cardiff West in 2011.He has led the Welsh Government’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic. In the 2021 Senedd election, Drakeford led Welsh Labour to win 30 seats, a working majority, and was reappointed as First Minister.Drakeford is widely considered to belong to the left wing of the Labour Party, and is supported by some members of Welsh Labour Grassroots and Momentum

Mark Drakeford

4.First Minister

3.Political career

2.Academic career

1.Early life and education

Wishing you all the best for 2023!

Happy New Year for 2023 from Mark Drakeford!

Prime minister of Scotland

In 2012, she became Deputy Chief Minister and Minister for Health and Welfare.

In 2007, she became Deputy First Minister's Secretary and Minister for Health and Welfare.

Scotland’s fifth leader, and first woman leader, since the establishment of the Scottish Parliament and government in 1999.

In 1992 she became the youngest person to run for a parliamentary seat in Scotland.

She obtained her law degree in 1992 from the University of Glasgow.

First minister of Scotland and leader of the Scottish National Party

Born July 19, 1970, Irvine, North Ayrshire, Scotland

Nicola Sturgeon

Her first political victory came in 1999 when she won a seat as a member of the Scottish Parliament. Sturgeon quickly became a leading member of the Scottish National Party (SNP) and served in the ministries of health, education and justice.

Her first victory:

In 2014, Sturgeon became the leader of the SNP and succeeded Alex Salmond as First Minister of Scotland in November of that year, after Salmond announced his resignation following the defeat of the Scottish independence referendum. Sturgeon thus became the first woman to become First Minister of Scotland.

How did she come to office?

Sturgeon has also been an advocate for Scottish independence. She has led the campaign for the independence referendum in 2014 and is committed to working for Scotland's interests in the United Kingdom. Sturgeon has shown that a strong leader can achieve great things for her country.

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Nicola Sturgeon's vision as First Minister of Scotland is clear. She has fought for fair funding for the country, greater autonomy and the promotion of gender equality, diversity inclusion and the environment.

Nicola Sturgeon's Vision

Legacy of Nicola Stugeon

She has fought for fair funding for the country, greater autonomy and the promotion of gender equality, diversity inclusion and the environment.Sturgeon has also been an advocate for Scottish independence. She has led the campaign for the independence referendum in 2014 and is committed to working for Scotland's interests in the United Kingdom. Sturgeon has shown that a strong leader can achieve great things for her country.

Scotland's chief minister, Nicola Sturgeon, has announced her resignation after more than eight years in office. A resignation that further weakens the nationalist movement which, since the Brexit victory, is under pressure to hold a new independence referendum.

Current News:

How will her government be remembered?

Sturgeon is regarded as a key figure in the Scottish National Party and one of the most influential politicians in modern Scottish politics. She is also known for her charisma and oratory skills and has been acclaimed by many for her leadership during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Prime Minister of Northern Ireland: Paul Givan

Paul Givan2021-2022

Arlene Foster2016-2021

Peter Robinson2008-2016

Ian Paisley2000-2008

David Trimble 1998-2002

First Minister of Ireland

Givan was educated at Laurelhill Community College where he studied Business and History, and graduated from the University of Ulster, where he earned a Bachelor of Business Studies.

Givan served as the First Minister of Northern Ireland from June 2021 to February 2022, the youngest person to hold that position.

Paul Jonathan Givan (born 12 October 1981) is a Northern Irish unionist politician representing the Democratic Unionist Party (DUP).

The appointment of Givan, 39, a member of the Northern Irish regional assembly and a hardline unionist, was announced by new DUP leader Edwin Poots on Twitter.

Northern Ireland Prime Minister Paul Givan has announced his resignation, amid unionists' discontent with post-Brexit customs provisions in the British province, which they say threaten Northern Ireland's place within the UK.

The Prime Minister of Northern Ireland resigned in the midst of a crisis over the Brexit protocol

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The resignation was decided following the DUP's rejection of the Northern Ireland Protocol, which introduces customs controls on goods from Great Britain.

We love data

• Paul Givan tenders his resignation as Chief Minister of Northern Ireland. europapress.es. https://www.europapress.es/internacional/noticia-runido-paul-givan-presenta-dimision-ministro-principal-irlanda-norte-20220203180428.html
• Paul Givan appointed Prime Minister of Northern Ireland. DW.COM. https://www.dw.com/en/paul-givan-appointed-prime-minister-of-northern-ireland-a-57818985

• The Prime Minister of Northern Ireland resigned in the midst of a crisis over the Brexit protocol. infobae. https://www.infobae.com/america/mundo/2022/02/03/el-primer-ministro-de-irlanda-del-norte-renuncio-en-plena-crisis-por-el-protocolo-del- brexit/
• Stewart, Heather (July 8th 2022). «Rishi Sunak to stand for Conservative party leader». The Guardian. Consulte February 20 2022.
• iver, Tony (July 9 2022). «Rishi Sunak pledges to protect women's rights in first leadership policy pitch». The Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Consulte February 20 2022.
• Nicola Sturgeon. (n.d.). Retrieved February 17, 2023, from https://thegentlewoman.co.uk/library/nicola-sturgeon
• PAÍS, E. E. (n.d.). Nicola Sturgeon en EL PAÍS. El País. Retrieved February 17, 2023, from https://elpais.com/noticias/nicola-sturgeon/
• Kellner, P. (2023, February 16). Nicola Sturgeon | Biography, Facts, & Scottish Independence. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Nicola-Sturgeon

References

• U. (2022, 16 noviembre). What is the role of the monarchy? The Constitution Unit. https://www.ucl.ac.uk/constitution-unit/explainers/what-role-monarchy
• Serhan/London, Y. (2022, 15 septiembre). What the British Monarchy Actually Does—And How Hard It Would Be To Abolish It. Time. https://time.com/6213624/what-does-british-monarchy-do/
• BBC News. (2023, 19 enero). UK Royal Family: Who is in it and what does the King do? https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-56201331
• UK Parliament(s. f.-b). https://www.parliament.uk/business/lords/lord-speaker/
• Davies, B. D. (2021, 26 marzo). Elections 2021: Who is Welsh Labour leader Mark Drakeford? BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-politics-46372451
• Register of interests for Mark Drakeford MS | Senedd. (s. f.). https://business.senedd.wales/mgDeclarationSubmission.aspx?UID=253
• Unit 3, RoadGlasgow, G. W. D., & G42 8ATScotl. (2018, September 5). Nicola Sturgeon. Scottish National Party. https://www.snp.org/your-team/nicola-sturgeon/