ANCIENT INVENTIONS

ANCIENT

INVENTIONS

start

"Necessity is the mother of inventions" - PLATO (380 B.C.)

OBJECTIVES

1. The Era of Inventions

4. What for?

2. Who possibly invented the invention?

3. What invention?

5. What it looks like today

Compass, China, 220 BCE

• According to Silverman, S. (2016), "South-pointer," a spoon-shaped compass composed of lodestone or magnetite ore...

Long before it was utilized for navigation, the compass was primarily used for geomancy.

Photo Source: Needham, Joseph, Science and Civilization in China, Vol. 4, part 1:Physics, Cambridge Univ. Press, 1962.

Modern compass

Chinese scientists may have developed navigational compasses as early as the 11th or 12th century. Western Europeans soon followed at the end of the 12th century. In their earliest use, compasses were likely used as backups for when the sun, stars, or other landmarks could not be seen. (National Geographic Society, 2022).

Photo Source: Andrade, M. (2023)

Archimedes’ Screw, Egypt, 250 BCE

YoosefDoost and Lubits (2020), believed that the Archimedes screw was invented by Archimedes of Syracuse

Archimedes screw served as a vital aid for irrigation across the ancient world

Photo Source: Archimedes screw Creative Stock Photos and Images [ Online image].

Modern Archimedes’ Screw

Archimedes Screw was made of wood, but it was gradually replaced by metal.

PHOTO SOURCE: Vanstone, E. (2021). Archimedes Screw [Online image]

• According to Kidwell and Schechner (2022) from ancient times, people have used changes in the lengths and directions of shadows cast by objects in the sun as a measure of time. Sundials date at least to around 1500 BCE.

INVENTION OF THE CLOCK

• Some sundials were placed on the ground, while others were placed on walls and towers. And while most sundials used shadows, some used mirror images and light beams shining through holes (Sanchez, 2022).

INVENTION OF THE CLOCK

Today, the sundial is mass-produced as an ornamental piece to add to gardens or other landscaping. At the same time, they are beautiful additions to any yard. Now, rather than relying on the shadows, we have mechanical, quartz, and even atomic clocks amongst us humans. (Okie, 2021).

THE WHEEL

Mesopotamian people (4200–4000 BC) were used for pottery...Before the sleds were used to move large and heavy objects across the land. (Barfield, 2020) Used for transport: the wheel began to be used on carts and battle chariots. And it contributed to the mechanization of agriculture. Galipeau (2023)

Photo Reference Source: ACER

MODERN USE OF WHEELS

Rubber tires and tubes are then put around them. Due to these improvements, the wheel has become lighter, more efficient, and long-lasting.(Kanchwala, 2022)

Greatest inventions during the ancient period that up to this day, still are valuable.

SUMMARY:

Giants whose shoulders we can stand on for a better outlook of things we are trying to understand

Cater to the needs of the people before and now

possible through science and its application resulted in innovations that in turn affect society

Hardly any documents from the aforementioned era

With the help of these historians, we've gathered as much information we needed

Why we study History?

Know where such things come from and how things evolve

“You have to know the past to understand the present”- CARL SAGAN

REFERENCES

Buddies, S. B. F. (2019, July 11). Lift Water with an Archimedes Screw. Scientific American. https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/lift-water-with-an-archimedes-screw/

Archimedes screw Creative Stock Photos and Images [ Online image]. Alamy. Retrieved February 5, 2023 from https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo/archimedes-screw.html?collectiontype=all-creative&sortBy=creative

Arnett, S. B. (2018, March 15). It’s about Time. . . to Make a Sundial! Scientific American. https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/its-about-time-to-make-a-sundial/

Educator How To: Make Your Own Ancient Chinese Compass! (2017, February 21). https://blog.hmns.org/. https://blog.hmns.org/2017/02/educator-how-to-make-your-own-ancient-chinese-compass/

Galipeau, D. (2023). A New Era of Sustainable Innovation. SpringerLink. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-981-19-6418-3_4?error=cookies_not_supported&code=f7feb1a7-3197-4041-9816-9241573cd1a1

Barfield, R. (2020, March 13). Who Invented the Wheel - A Brief History. Bricsys. Retrieved February 9, 2023, from https://www.bricsys.com/en-eu/blog/who-invented-the-wheel-a-brief-history

REFERENCES

Pherngjanda, C. (2018, June 13). Vintage Compass hand drawing black and white clipart. Dreamstime.com. https://www.dreamstime.com/vintage-compass-hand-drawing-black-white-clipart-clip-art-isolated-background-image118607530

Kanchwala, H. (2022, July 8). History Of The Wheel: How Was The Wheel Invented? Science ABC. https://www.scienceabc.com/innovation/how-was-the-wheel-invented.html

Kidwell, P. A., & J. Schechner, S. (2022, July 22). How did a French pocket sundial end up buried in a field in Indiana? National Museum of American History. Retrieved February 14, 2023, from https://americanhistory.si.edu/blog/pocket-sundial

Sanchez, O. (2022, February 1). The Sundial's Amazing Impact Throughout History - Outdoor Federation. Outdoor Federation. Retrieved February 14, 2023, from https://www.outdoorfederation.com/a-brief-history-of-the-sundial/

Sherrin, H. (2022, June 23). Who Really Invented the Archimedes Screw? History Hit. Retrieved February 12, 2023, from https://www.historyhit.com/who-really-invented-the-archimedes-screw/

Okie, L. (2021, September 22). Who Invented the Sundial? And is it just a garden ornament now? Happy Gardens. https://happygardens.com/blogs/news/who-invented-the-sundial

REFERENCES

The 21st Century Archimedes Screw: New Materials and Manufacturing Techniques Enable the Turbine’s Highest-Ever Measured Efficiency. (2021, January 13). Energy.gov. Retrieved February 12, 2023, from https://www.energy.gov/eere/water/articles/21st-century-archimedes-screw-new-materials-and-manufacturing-techniques-enable

YoosefDoost, A., & Lubitz, W. D. (2020). Archimedes Screw Turbines: A Sustainable Development Solution for Green and Renewable Energy Generation—A Review of Potential and Design Procedures. Sustainability, 12(18), 7352. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12187352

Vanstone, E. (2021). Archimedes Screw [Online image]. Science Sparks. https://www.science-sparks.com/archimedes-screw/

Vanstone, E. (2021, June 14). Archimedes Screw. Science Experiments for Kids. https://www.science-sparks.com/archimedes-screw/