STARS PRESENTATION

small bodies in the solar system

presentaTIOn

Where are small bodies in the solar system? What are dwarf planets?

Scientests estimate that there are up to a trillion small bodies in the solar system. These bodies lack atmospheres and have weak surface gravity. The largest of the small bodies, the dwarf planets, are found in regions knowns as the asteroid belt and the Kuiper Belt is located beyond the orbit of Neptune. Kuiper Belt object as you might guess, are located in Kuiper Belt. Comets, too, are found in the Kuiper Belt. However, comets are also located in the Oort cloud. The Oort cloud is a region that surrounds the solar system and extends almost halfway to the nearest star. Two other types of small bodies, asteroids and meteoroids, are located mostly between the orbits of Venus and Neptune.

In 2006, astronomers decided that Pluto would no longer be considered a planet. It became the first member of a new group of solar system bodies called dwarf planets. Like planets, a dwarf planets is a celestial body that orbits the sun and is round because of its own gravity. Five dwarf planets, made of ice and rock, have been identified, Ceres, located between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter, is about 950 KM in diameter and travels at around 18 Km/s. Pluto, Eris, Haumea, and Makemake are located beyond the orbit of Neptune. They range in size from about 1,500 Km (Haumea) to about 2,400 Km (Eris). Their orbital periods around the sun range from 250 to 560y. All travel at speeds of between 3 Km/s and 5 km/s.

What are Kuiper Belt object?

The Kuiper Belt is a region of the solar system that begins just beyond the orbit of Neptune and contains small bodies made mostly of ice. It extends outward to about twice the orbit of Neptune, a distance of about 55 astronomical units (AU). An (AU) is a unit of length that is equal to the average distance between earth and the sun. The Kuiper Belt is thought to contain matter that was left over from the formation of the solar system . This matter formed small bodies instead of planets. A Kuiper Belt object (KBO) is any of the minor bodies inthe Kuiper Belt outside the orbit of Neptune. Kuiper Belt objects are made of methane ice, ammonia ice, and water ice. They have average orbital speeds of between 1 Km/s and 5 km/s.

comets come from the Kuiper Belt and the Oort cloud

What do we know about comets?

There are two regions of the solar system where comets come fom. The first region is the Kuiper Belt, which is were short period comets originate. The second region is the oort cloud, which is where long period comets originate. Collisions between objet in the Kuiper Belt produce fragments that become comets. These comets are known as short period comets. Short period comets take less than 200 years to orbit the sun. Every time a comet passes the sun, it may lose a layer as much as 1 m thickThe Oort cloud is a spherical region that surrounds the solar system and extends almost halfway to the nearest star. Comets can form in the Oort cloud when two objects collide. Comets can also form when an object in the Oort cloud is disturbed by the gravity of a nearby star and is sent into the inner solar system. Comets that originate in the Oort cloud are called long period comets

A comet is a small body of ice, rock, and dust that follows a highly elliptical orbit around the sun. As a comet passes close to the sun, it gives off gas and dust in the form of a coma and a tail. The speed of a comet will vary depending on how far from or how close to the sun it is. if a comet approaches the sun, solar radiation and heating cause the comet's ice to change to gas. a coma is a spherical cloud of gas and dust that comes off of the nucleus. The ion tail of a comet is gas that has been ionized , or stripped of electrons , by the sun. Comet is traveling , its ion tail points away from the sun . A second tail made of dust and gas curves backward along the comet's orbit. this dust tail can be millions of kilometers long

What do we know about asteroids>?

An asteroid is a small, irregularly shaped, rocky object that orbits the sun. Most asteroids are located between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter. This 300 million km-wide region is known as the asteroid belt. The asteroid belt contains hundreds of thousands of asteroids, called main - belt asteroids. Group of asteroids are also located in the orbits of Jupiter and Neptune(called Trojan astroids) and in the Kuiper belt. still other astroids are called near-Earth asteroids. Some of these asteroids cross the orbits of Earth and Venus. Although most asteroids rotate around their axis, some tumbel end over end through space.

Asteroids have different compositions

The composition of asteroids varies. Many asteroids have dark surfaces. Scientists think that these asteroids are rich in carbon. Other asteroids are thought to be rocky and to have a core made of iron and nickel. Small, rocky asteroids have perhaps the strangest composition of all. They appear to be piles of rock loosely held together by gravity. Asteroids Itokawa shown below, is a rocky asteroid known as a rubble-pile astroid. Some asteroids contain economic minerals like those mined on Earth.

What do we know about meteoroids, meter, and meteorites?

A sand grain- to boulder - size, rocky body that travels through space is a meteorid. Meteoroids that enter earth's atmosphere travel at about 52km/s, as measured by radar on Earth. Friction heats these meteoroids to thousands of degrees celsius, which causes them to glow. The atmosphere around a meteoroid's path also gets hotter and glows because of friction between the meteoroid and air molecules. A bright streak of light that results when a meteoroid burns up in Earth's atmosphere is called a meteor. A meteorite is a meteoroid that reaches Earth's surface without burning up.

Meteorites Reach Earth

Most of the meteoroids that enter Earth's atmosphere do not reach Earth's surface. Many meteoroids explode in the upper atmosphere. These explosions are often recorded by military satellites in orbit around Earth.

Meteorites have different composition

Meteorites can be divided into three general groups. The first group of meteorites are the stony meteorites. Stony meteorites are made of silicate minerals, just like rock on Earth. Some stony meteorites also contain small amounts of organic matter. Iron meteorites are composed of iron and nickel. The rarest group of meteorites are stony-iron meteorites. Stony-iron meteorites are composed of both silicate minerals and iron and nickel.

The first region is the kuiper belt, which is where..... period

where are the dwarf planets located?

A. Oort cloud B. Asteroid belt and Kuiper belt C.Beyond the orbit of Neptune D. Between the orbit of Venus and Neptune

VS

A. long-period B. short-period

Its a large group of asteroids and also located in the orbits of Jupiter and Neptune which is called.....

.......is a rocky asteroid known as a rubble-pile asteroid

A. comet B. meteorites C.Trojan asteroids D. Asteroids Itokawa

VS

A. Main-belt asteroidsB. Trojan asteroids C. Asteroid Itokawa

A...... is a small body of ice, rock, and dust that follows a highly elliptical orbit around the sun

what are the names of the five dwarf planets?

A. asteroid B. comet C. dwarf planets

VS

A. pluto, ceres, eris, makemake, and haumea B. pluto, carme, makemake, haumea, and eris. c. pluto, carme, makemake, eris, and hegemone.

A ..... is a spherical cloud of gas and dust that comes off of the nucleus.

The .... is a spherical region that surrounds the solar system and extends almost halfway to the nearest star.

A. Oort cloudB. kuiper belt c. asteroids belt

VS

A. cometB. coma C. ion tail

Is the kuiper belt located beyond the orbit of Neptune ?

Is pluto a planet ?

A. True B. False

A. TrueB. False

VS

Thank You<: by: SULAF AND JAWAN