human reproduction
let's end the taboos!
Let's learn!
David Blázquez
INDEX
Physiology
Introduction
Ovarian and menstrual cycle
Sexual characteristics
From fertilisation to birth
Anatomy
Male reproductive syst.
Female reproductive syst.
SEXUAL CHARACTERISTICS
The phsysical differences between men and women are called sexual characteristics.
Primary sexual characteristics
Secondary sexual characteristics
Many physical, physiological and psychological changes take place throughout a person’s life. These can be grouped into several stages of life.
Adulthood
Adolescence
Childhood
The main physical changes during puberty are called secondary sex characteristics.
Voice deepens
Mammary glands develop
Armpit hair grows
Facial and body hair grows
Genitals develop and mature
Menstruation begins
Ejaculation begins to ocur
Pubic hair grows
Greater adipose tissue volume develops in some areas
Greater muscular volume develops
Body hair grows in some areas
Physical changes don't happen at the same time in boys and girls
Mammary development
Pubic hair
Growth
First periods
Age (Years) 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
Development of genital organs
Pubic hair
Growth
First ejaculations
female reproductive system
Fallopian tube
Ovary
Uterus
cervix
Vagina
Female gonads (Ovaries)
Each ovary is the size and shape of an almond. They produce female reproductive cells called ova.
Genital tract
Fallopian tubes are two ducts that connect the ovaries to the uterus. They carry mature ova from the ovaries to the uterus.
Uterus
Vagina
Genital tract
The uterus is a hollow muscular organ. It is the shape of an upside-down pear. The narrow section at the bottom is called the cervix. It is connected to the vagina. The uterus is where a fertilised ovum develops into a baby.
Fallopian tube
Vagina
Genital tract
The vagina is an elastic duct that consists on walls of muscle. It connects the cervix to the outside of the body. The external part of the female reproductive organ is called vulva.
Uterus
Fallopian tube
ovarian & menstrual cycles
The ovarian and menstrual cycles are linked. They are both regulated by pituitary and ovarian hormones. They occur approximately every 28 days if no fertilisation has occurred.
Menstrual cycle
The mestrual cycle usually start in girls when they are between 10 and 15 years old. The brain starts to produce hormones that cause the ovaries to release ova. This is called ovulation.
Menstruation
It starts on the first day of the cycle and lasts between three and five days. If fertilisation has not taken place during the previous cycle, the corpus luteum breaks down in the ovary and stops producing progesterone. This causes the endometrium to break away from the uterus and the woman has a period.
male reproductive system
Testicles and scrotum
vas deferens
Seminal vesicle
Prostate
Penis
Urethra
Testicles
Testicles produce millions of sperm cells every day. The testicle are in a bag of skin called the scrotum.
Vas deferens and Urethra
The sperm cells leave the testicles through two tubes called the vas deferens.
The urethra is a duct that is shared by the reproductive system and the excretory system. Its function is to expel semen and urine from the body.
Accesory glands
Seminal vesicles are behind the urinary bladder. They empty into the end part of the vasa deferentia. The seminal vesicles produce seminal fluid. This fluid is rich in a carbohydrate called fructose - the main energy source of sperm.
The vasa deferentia carry the sperm cells to the seminal vesicles and the prostate. Both produce liquids to make a substance called semen.
Penis
The penis is a tubular organ that contains the urethra. The penis is responsible for depositing sperm in the vagina.
FROM FERTILISATION TO BIRTH
Pregnancy
Fertilisation
From zygote to embryo
From embryo to foetus
Labour and birth
Pregnancy
Human reproduction begins when a women becomes pregnant. This requieres two different sex cells: an ovum from the mother and a sperm cell from the father. These cellscontain about 24.000 different genes.
Together, the cells contain about 24000 different genes that the parents pass on to the baby. This genetic information determines the baby's characteristics, such as eye colour and facial features.
Fertilisation
Then the zygote starts to divide very quickly, which develops to form the embryo.
Fertilisation is the fusion of a sperm and an egg, forming a zygote. It occurs during ovulation. An egg can survive for between 24 and 48 hours. Sperm can survive for around 72 hours.
Did you know?
From zygote to embryo
After fertilisation occurs, the zygote travels to the uterus. It attaches to the wall of the uterus and it continues to grow and divide. After two weeks, the zygote become an embryo.
From embryo to foetus
At nine weeks, all of the embyo´s organs have formed and it becomes a foetus. The foetus floats inside a sac of amniotic fluid and is connected to the mother by the umbilical cord and the placenta.
Labour and birth
Pregnancy usually lasts 40 weeks. When the baby is ready to be born, the mother goes into labour. The muscles of the uterus start to contract. These contractions push the baby against the cervix which starts to open.
The amniotic sac breaks and the amniotic fluid flows out ("the waters break"). This usually lasts between 8 and 12 hours.
Labour and birth
Most babies are born head first. The umbilical cord comes out at the same time. Doctors cut and tie the umbilical cord; this is where the baby's navel (belly bottom) will form. Finally, the placenta separates from the wall of the uterus and leaves through the birth canal.
Between 15 and 30 minutes after the baby is delivered, the contractions begin again to push out the placenta, umbilical cord and remains of the endometrium.
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Transcript
human reproduction
let's end the taboos!
Let's learn!
David Blázquez
INDEX
Physiology
Introduction
Ovarian and menstrual cycle
Sexual characteristics
From fertilisation to birth
Anatomy
Male reproductive syst.
Female reproductive syst.
SEXUAL CHARACTERISTICS
The phsysical differences between men and women are called sexual characteristics.
Primary sexual characteristics
Secondary sexual characteristics
Many physical, physiological and psychological changes take place throughout a person’s life. These can be grouped into several stages of life.
Adulthood
Adolescence
Childhood
The main physical changes during puberty are called secondary sex characteristics.
Voice deepens
Mammary glands develop
Armpit hair grows
Facial and body hair grows
Genitals develop and mature
Menstruation begins
Ejaculation begins to ocur
Pubic hair grows
Greater adipose tissue volume develops in some areas
Greater muscular volume develops
Body hair grows in some areas
Physical changes don't happen at the same time in boys and girls
Mammary development
Pubic hair
Growth
First periods
Age (Years) 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
Development of genital organs
Pubic hair
Growth
First ejaculations
female reproductive system
Fallopian tube
Ovary
Uterus
cervix
Vagina
Female gonads (Ovaries)
Each ovary is the size and shape of an almond. They produce female reproductive cells called ova.
Genital tract
Fallopian tubes are two ducts that connect the ovaries to the uterus. They carry mature ova from the ovaries to the uterus.
Uterus
Vagina
Genital tract
The uterus is a hollow muscular organ. It is the shape of an upside-down pear. The narrow section at the bottom is called the cervix. It is connected to the vagina. The uterus is where a fertilised ovum develops into a baby.
Fallopian tube
Vagina
Genital tract
The vagina is an elastic duct that consists on walls of muscle. It connects the cervix to the outside of the body. The external part of the female reproductive organ is called vulva.
Uterus
Fallopian tube
ovarian & menstrual cycles
The ovarian and menstrual cycles are linked. They are both regulated by pituitary and ovarian hormones. They occur approximately every 28 days if no fertilisation has occurred.
Menstrual cycle
The mestrual cycle usually start in girls when they are between 10 and 15 years old. The brain starts to produce hormones that cause the ovaries to release ova. This is called ovulation.
Menstruation
It starts on the first day of the cycle and lasts between three and five days. If fertilisation has not taken place during the previous cycle, the corpus luteum breaks down in the ovary and stops producing progesterone. This causes the endometrium to break away from the uterus and the woman has a period.
male reproductive system
Testicles and scrotum
vas deferens
Seminal vesicle
Prostate
Penis
Urethra
Testicles
Testicles produce millions of sperm cells every day. The testicle are in a bag of skin called the scrotum.
Vas deferens and Urethra
The sperm cells leave the testicles through two tubes called the vas deferens.
The urethra is a duct that is shared by the reproductive system and the excretory system. Its function is to expel semen and urine from the body.
Accesory glands
Seminal vesicles are behind the urinary bladder. They empty into the end part of the vasa deferentia. The seminal vesicles produce seminal fluid. This fluid is rich in a carbohydrate called fructose - the main energy source of sperm.
The vasa deferentia carry the sperm cells to the seminal vesicles and the prostate. Both produce liquids to make a substance called semen.
Penis
The penis is a tubular organ that contains the urethra. The penis is responsible for depositing sperm in the vagina.
FROM FERTILISATION TO BIRTH
Pregnancy
Fertilisation
From zygote to embryo
From embryo to foetus
Labour and birth
Pregnancy
Human reproduction begins when a women becomes pregnant. This requieres two different sex cells: an ovum from the mother and a sperm cell from the father. These cellscontain about 24.000 different genes.
Together, the cells contain about 24000 different genes that the parents pass on to the baby. This genetic information determines the baby's characteristics, such as eye colour and facial features.
Fertilisation
Then the zygote starts to divide very quickly, which develops to form the embryo.
Fertilisation is the fusion of a sperm and an egg, forming a zygote. It occurs during ovulation. An egg can survive for between 24 and 48 hours. Sperm can survive for around 72 hours.
Did you know?
From zygote to embryo
After fertilisation occurs, the zygote travels to the uterus. It attaches to the wall of the uterus and it continues to grow and divide. After two weeks, the zygote become an embryo.
From embryo to foetus
At nine weeks, all of the embyo´s organs have formed and it becomes a foetus. The foetus floats inside a sac of amniotic fluid and is connected to the mother by the umbilical cord and the placenta.
Labour and birth
Pregnancy usually lasts 40 weeks. When the baby is ready to be born, the mother goes into labour. The muscles of the uterus start to contract. These contractions push the baby against the cervix which starts to open.
The amniotic sac breaks and the amniotic fluid flows out ("the waters break"). This usually lasts between 8 and 12 hours.
Labour and birth
Most babies are born head first. The umbilical cord comes out at the same time. Doctors cut and tie the umbilical cord; this is where the baby's navel (belly bottom) will form. Finally, the placenta separates from the wall of the uterus and leaves through the birth canal.
Between 15 and 30 minutes after the baby is delivered, the contractions begin again to push out the placenta, umbilical cord and remains of the endometrium.