Going Back to the Past

Going Back to the Past

Elena Cazares-Gallardo The University of Alabama in Huntsville ED307-01: Multicultural Foundation of Education Dr. Hamsa Mahafza February 3, 2023

Inroduction:

Teaching should include multicultural education as a core component. This topic needs to be covered in today's classrooms for a variety of reasons that can be seen in the history and events that led to the current curriculum. The presentation's timeline and the overviews on American Colonies, Education in the Revolutionary Era, the Rise of the Common School and Compulsory Education, the Progressive Era of Education and Modern Post War, and the 21st Century all provide a look into the past that demonstrates the value of multicultural education and how we came to be where we are today.(Parkay,2020)

This presentation will :

• Demonstrate key events in American educational history
• Demonstrate goals of education during each period
• Explain how these events have influenced current educational practices, with a special focus on diversity

Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it.

George Santayana

Why is the history of education important?

History of Education will help you to understand how the past eventsshaped the present education systems, theories and relatedphenomenon in the area of teacher education in particular andeducation in general. Secondly, it will enable you to appreciate theimportance of education to mankind since time immemorial across thegenerations. By so doing, you are will be able to critically examine thefundamental part which education plays in the transformation of society. (Feb, 2021)

The past has an impact on teaching and schools today. Accomplished teachers learn from our nation's educational past. They know that educational practices from the past have not disappeared they continue to evolve, and they shape the present, as well as the future. We cannot understand schools today without a look at what they were yesterday. Today's teachers must be students of our educational past so they can provide leadership to improve our educational fature. For example, the history of education in the United States reveals countless examples of how political forces, social class, special-interest groups, religion, and cultural and ethnic diversity have influenced schools; and professional teachers understand these influences. (Parkay, 2020)

Many practices in today's schools had their origins in Europe, where the role of education was to prepare children and youth for adulthood.

(Parkay, 2020)

Timeline (Parkay, 2020)

Reorganization of Scondary Education

Northwest Ordinance of 1785

No CHild Left Behind Act

MassachusettsAct of 1642

1913

1785

2001

1642

2010

1964

1704

1974

1852

Civil Richts Act gets put into place

1954

Brown v. Board of Education

Lau V. Nichols

First compulsory Education Laws

First school for African American and Native Americans

American Colonies (1620-1750)

American Colonies (1620-1750)

During this time period, English culture influenced education. Settlers tried to develop a school system that parelled the British.The main objective of elementary schooling was to learn to read so that one might read the Bible and religious catechisms. Teachers also held little respect.

(Parkay, 2020)

Key Events

• Boston Latin School Founded (1635)

• Harvard College Founded (1636)

• Massachusetts Act of 1642: first school laws, common compulsory education emerged

• Massachusetts Act of 1647: Teacher required if a town had 50+ housholds

• One of the first schools for African Americans and Native Americans was started by Elias Neau in 1704 in New York.

(Parkay, 2020)

Education in the Revolutionary Era (1750-1820)

Education in the Revolutionary Era (1750-1820)

During this time period, the curriculum was still influenced by European religious customs. The American Revolution of 1776 marked the seperation of colonies with Europe. The need for an educational system became paramount in order to protect the liberties that had been fought for. People could become informed, active members of a constitutional democracy through education.

(Parkay, 2020)

Key Events

• Philadelphia Academy opened (1751): Ben Franklin founded school that promoted a more expansive curriculum

• School for African and Native Americans (1770): First school was started by the Quakers

• American Revolution (1775-1784): War between Britain and the Colonies for American freedom

• Diffusion of Knowledge Bill (1779): promoted free schooling for white elementary age students

• Federal Funds for Reservation Schools (1819)

(Parkay, 2020)

The Rise of the Common School (1820-1865)

The Rise of the Common School (1820-1865)

During this time period, the fight for publicly funded common schools began. City dwellers and nontaxpayers, democratic leaders, philanthropists and humanitarians, members of various school groups, and laborers tended to support free public schools.Rural inhabitants, taxpayers, conservatives, owners of private schools, adherents of conservative religious sects, Southerners, and non-English speakers were among those opposing.

(Parkay, 2020)

Key Events

• Boston English Classical School (1821): First high school supported by the state

• First Normal Public School (1839): Founded in Massachusetts

• Ruby Bridges allowed into white elementary school (1860): Ruby’s family fought to get her into the formerly segregated elementary school (Michals, 2015)

• Morrill Land-Grant Act (1862): land given to the states by the federal government to raise money to build colleges

(Parkay, 2020)

Compulsory Education (1865-1820)

Compulsory Education (1865-1820)

During this time period, compulsory attendance laws were put into place, and ever-increasing proportion of children attended school. school systems began to take on organizational features. Top-down management techniques were integrated intobschools as well as factories (adopted from Frederick W. Taylor (1856-1915)) .

(Parkay, 2020)

Key Events

• Freedmen’s Bureau (1865): Education provided for freed slaves

• First public Kindergarten (1873): Founded by Susan Blow

• Tuskegee Institute Founded (l880): Major role in equality

• Reorganization of Secondary Education (1913): Curriculum more inclusive of different mental abilities in high school students was required

• American Federation of Teachers (1916): Fought to make teaching an acknowledged profession

(Parkay, 2020)

The Progressive Era of Education (1920-1945) & Modern post war (1945-2000)

The Progressive Era of Education (1920-1945) & Modern post war (1945-2000)

From the end of World War I to the end of World War II, education in the United States was influenced significantly by the philosophy of progressivism. People wanted to focus on their child’s interests and practical needs. The implementation of progressive theories in the classroom arose as it was believed it would lead to the improvement of society. Teachers also functioned as guides rather than taskmasters. Later on, equality became the main goal in the school systems. Teachers gained respect and desegregation in schools was a focus.

(Parkay, 2020)

Key Events

• Progressive Education Association (1919): focused on carrying out new social reform theories

• World War ll (1939-1945): resulted in new educational programs

• National Defense Education Act of 1958: the U.s. Office of education added new STEM programs

• Brown vs Board of Education of Topeka (1954): no longer allowed segregation in schools

• Elementary and Secondary Education Act (1965): increased education for children of low socioeconoic status

• Tile IX (1975): no exclusion based on sex

• Education for All Handicapped Children Act (1975): improved education for children with exceptionalities and disabilities

(Parkay, 2020)

21st Century (2000- the present)

21st Century (2000- the present)

Promoting the achievement of students from diverse racial, cultural, and social-class groups continues to be a challenge for U.S. education. Approximately half of the states have enacted laws to promote excellence. Three trends will continue to be educational priorities during the 21st century: equity for all students, excellence and high standards, and accountability for schools and teachers.

(Parkay, 2020)

Key Events

• No Child Left Behind Act (2001): Schools are required to meet the same standards regardless of the socioeconomic statuses of the children in them

• Common Core Standards (2009): New universal standards for math and english

• A Blueprint for Reform (2010): Reorganization of the NCLB and ESEA

• Every Student Succeeds Act (2015): Decreases the power of the federal government in certain aspects of education

(Parkay, 2020)

Conclusion:

Through this research we are able to see how much education has changed over the years. We can see how much past laws affected people from different diversities, cultures and disabilities. We can see how these key events changed not only education, but our society as a whole.Learning how much it has changed our society, we can see how mulicultural education can continue to improve our society, as there is always room for improvement.

References:

Gorski, P. C. (1999). A brief history of multicultural education. Retrieved from: http://www.edchange.org/multicultural/papers/edchange_history.htmlMichals, D. (2015). Biography: Ruby bridges. National Women's History Museum. Retrieved January 21, 2023, from: https://www.womenshistory.org/education-resources/biographies/ruby-bridges Scribd. (2022, February 21). Importance of history of education to teachers in Traning. Scribd. Retrieved February 3, 2023, from https://www.scribd.com/document/185769009/Importance-of-History-of-Education-to-Teachers-in-Traning Parkay, F. W. (2020). Becoming a teacher. NJ: Pearson education, Inc.

THANKS!