Innate vs Adaptive

Innate vs Adaptive Immunity Measles

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Innate Immunity

Innate immunity is the first response of the body's immune system to a harmful foreign substance. When foreign substances, such as bacteria or viruses, enter the body, certain cells in the immune system can quickly respond and try to destroy them.

1 First LineDefenders

• Natural Killer Cells are types of immune cell that has granules with enzymes that can kill tumor cells or cells infected with a virus. A natural killer cell is a type of white blood cell.
• Neutrophil a type of white blood cell that helps the body fight infection.
• Monocytes are a type of white blood cell (leukocytes) that reside in your blood and tissues to find and destroy germs and

Natural Killer Cells,Neutrophili, & Monocytes

Mast Cells, FDCs, Eosinophilis, Inflammation, and Granulocytes

• Eosinophilis an immune cell that has granules (small particles) with enzymes that are released during infections, allergic reactions, and asthma. An eosinophil is a type of white blood cell and a type of granulocyte.

• Mast cells are important to howimmune system responds to certain bacteria and parasites and they help control other types of immune responses. They contain chemicals such as histamine, heparin, cytokines, and growth factors.
• Follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) are a specialized type of antigen-presenting dendritic cells that are largely restricted to lymphoid follicles.

• Inflammation is part of a complex biological response to injury as a result of different stimuli such as pathogens, damaged cells, irritants, or in this case measles. Local signals at the sites of inflammation mediate rapid cells mobilization and recruitment and dictate differentiation programs whereby these cells drive clearance of “inflammatory inducers” and promote resolution and restoration of tissue homeostasis.

• Granulocytes are effector cells that predominate during the early or acute phase of the innate immune response. The main function of these cells is to identify, ingest, and destroy microbial pathogens through receptors, oxidative mechanisms, and enzymes including lysozyme, collagenase, and elastase, etc.

More Innate ResponsesMacrophages, Basophilis, Phagocytes, Apoptosis, & White Blood Cells, or Leukocytes

Macrophages are specialised cells involved in the detection, and destruction of bacteria and other harmful organisms. In addition, they can also present antigens to T cells and initiate inflammation by releasing molecules known as cytokines that activate other cells.

Phagocytes are immune cells that play role in both the early and late stages of immune response. Their main role is to circulate and migrate through tissues to ingest and destroy both microbes and cellular debris. The destruction of ingested material is aided by generation of reactive oxygen species inside the phagolysosomes of the phagocytes.

Basophils are a type of white blood cell. Basophils release enzymes to improve blood flow and prevent blood clots.

There are many types of white blood cells, or leukocytes, that work to defend and protect the human body. In order to patrol the entire body, leukocytes travel by way of the circulatory system. Phagocytes, or Phagocytic cells: Phagocyte means “eating cell”, which describes what role phagocytes play in the immune response. You can think of phagocytes as security guards of the bofy patroling it.

Apoptosis a type of cell death in which a series of molecular steps in a cell lead to its death. This is one method the body uses to get rid of unneeded or abnormal cells. The process of apoptosis may be blocked in cancer cells. Also called programmed cell death.

More 1st RespondersAntibodies and Bone Marrow

Bone marrow is thought to be a primary hematopoietic organ. However, accumulated evidences demonstrate that active function and trafficking of immune cells, including regulatory T cells, conventional T cells, B cells, dendritic cells, natural killer T cells, neutrophils, myeloid-derived suppressor cells and mesenchymal stem cells, are observed in the bone marrow.

Antibodies are proteins that protect you. Produced by your immune system, antibodies bind to these unwanted substances in order to eliminate them from your system. An antibody is a protein produced by your immune system to attack and fight off antigens. Another word for antibody is immunoglobulin.

Adaptive Immunity

A type of immunity that develops when a person’s immune system responds to a foreign substance or microorganism, such as after an infection or vaccination. Adaptive immunity involves specialized immune cells and antibodies that attack and destroy foreign invaders and are able to prevent disease in the future by remembering what those substances look like and mounting a new immune response. Adaptive immunity may last for a few weeks or months or for a long time, sometimes for a person’s entire life.

T Cells, B Cells, Cytotoxic T Cells, TCR, and Memory

T cell, a type of leukocyte (white blood cell) that is an essential part of the immune system. T cells are one of two primary types of lymphocytes B cells being the second type that determine the specificity of immune response to antigens in the body. T cells originate in the bone marrow and mature in the thymus. In the thymus, T cells multiply and differentiate into helper, regulatory, or cytotoxic T cells or become memory T cells. They are then sent to peripheral tissues or circulate in the blood or lymphatic system. Once stimulated by the appropriate antigen, helper T cells secrete chemical messengers called cytokines, which stimulate the differentiation of B cells into plasma cells. Regulatory T cells act to control immune reactions, hence their name. Cytotoxic T cells, which are activated by various cytokines, bind to and kill infected cells and cancer cells.

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A cytotoxic T cell a type of immune cell that can kill certain cells, including foreign cells, cancer cells, and cells infected with a virus.

B cell or B lymphocyte is a key player of the adaptive immune response that is responsible for humoral immunity. B-cell production in humans is a lifelong process that starts in the fetal liver intrauterine and bone marrow after birth. Their development is from hematopoietic stem cells.

TCR also called T-cell receptors a group of proteins found on T cells. TCRs bind to certain antigens found on abnormal cells, cancer cells, cells from other organisms, and cells infected with a virus or another microorganism. This interaction causes the T cells to attack these cells and helps the body fight infection, cancer, or other diseases.

Immune Responses that are both Innate and Adaptive

These responses can be categorized as both because depending on the virsus they generally respond 50/50 adaptively and innately. Some intially present innately but as virsues mature they start to respond adaptively.

Natural killer cells, Neuotrophil, Monocytes, Mast cells, FD cells, Perforin, Macrophages, Inflammation, Humoral response, Histamine, and Cytokines all these are both innate and adaptive immune responses.