Contemporary Age The 20th century
TIMELINE
Azaña Second Republic 1931
Primo de RiveraDictatorship 1923
Alfonso XII king of Spain 1874
Alfonso XIII king of Spain 1902
SuárezPresident1977
Juan Carlos I king of Spain1975
FrancoDictatorship 1939
María Cristina regent 1885 - 1902
1874 - 1923 RESTORATION
This period started when Alfonso XII became king in 1874. When Alfonso died, Spain was ruled by his wife María Cristina de Habsburgo (regent) until his son Alfonso XIII turned 16 years old.
1923-1930 MIGUEL PRIMO DE RIVERA (Dictatorship)
During Alfonso XIII´s reign, Spain experienced violent protests against the corrupt system. Because of these problems, there was a military coup in 1923, and Miguel Primo de Rivera established a dictatorship. He founded an authoritarian regime: - He assumed all the power of the state. - He abolished the Constitution of 1876. - He banned political parties. - The king lost almost all his importance.
1923-1930 MIGUEL PRIMO DE RIVERA (Dictatorship)
Many people and Alfonso XIII supported Miguel Primo de Rivera for 7 years. After those years, he lost his principal source of power: the army refused to support him,
Primo de Rivera was forced to resign in 1930 and he died shortly afterward.
1931SECOND REPUBLIC
People were unhappy with the dictatorship of Primo de Rivera so Alfonso XIII called for elections. - The Republicans and Socialists won the municipal elections with Manuel Azaña as president. - The monarchy was abolished so Alfonso XIII left the country. - Spain became a republic again.
1931SECOND REPUBLIC
There were many social reforms:- Education: new schools and removing religion as a obligatory subject. - Job: the salaries raised and the conditions of workers improved. - The Army was reformed. - Constitution of 1931:- Freedom of expression. - Right to vote for women. - Separated the Church from the government and took away its privileges. - Divorce was legal.
CLARA CAMPOAMOR and VICTORIA KENT
1931SECOND REPUBLIC
The new flag: red, yellow and purple was a symbol of the 2nd Republic.
Opposition to the Republic: - The church: its powers were limited. - The military and Nationalists. - Worker's groups: considered the Second Republic to be oppresive. - Monarchists and fascists: their status as nobles were reduced.
1936 - 1939SPANISH CIVIL WAR
Not everyone agreed with the social reform so there was a period of violence and extreme actions by all political groups (many politicians were killed). In July 1936 a military uprising against the Republic was led by generals including Francisco Franco. The coup was not successful everywhere, leaving the country divided: - Republicans: supported the Republic. - Nationalists: supported General Franco.
1936 - 1939SPANISH CIVIL WAR
The war for the control of the country began.
Republicans
Nationalists
1. They had more military power.
1. They were mainly untrained militia.
2. They used a military structure, unified by generals.
2. They lacked unity.
VS
3. They were supported by Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy. They sent soldiers, weapons and aircraft.
3. They were only supported by the Soviet Union while other countries preferred non-intervention.
4. They occupied the main food-producing areas of Spain.
1939DICTATORSHIP OF FRANCO The war ended in 1939 with the Nationalist victory so the Second Republic ended. Franco established a right-wing dictatorship. Franco took control of politics, economy, religion and laws.
DICTATORSHIP OF FRANCO
Enacted policies of autarky
Imposed new laws that limited the civil liberties
Repressed oponents
Título aquí
-Regional traditions and languages were restricted. -Some people were killed or imprisoned for political beliefs.
- Banned the entry of any foreign element. - There was an economic crisis. - Food shortages and rationing ocurred.
-Press, arts, films, books... were censored. - Political parties and unions were made ilegal.
Life in Spain was difficult for most of the population and the economy was falling. Many Spaniards emigrated to Europe for work.
1975 - 2014KING JUAN CARLOS I
In the 1970s, Franco was old and ill. Franco named Juan Carlos de Borbón as his successor. In 1975 Franco died and Juan Carlos I became king of Spain. He was the Spanish king until 2014 when he abdicated in favour of his son Felipe VI that is the current King of Spain.
Adolfo Suárez
- Legalised political parties and trade unions.- Gave workers the right to strike. - Released political prisioners. - Political exiles came back to Spain. - Opened the door for free elections
Europe
3. June 1977: First Democratic elections in 40 years.
1982: Spain joined the NATO986: Spain entered the EEC (later became the UE).2002: Spain entered in the Eurozone replacing the peseta.
1. Franco named Juan Carlos as his successor.
New Constitution
Juan Carlos I
-The elected political parties created a new constitution.- December 1978: citizens voted in favour of the Constitution. -Spain as a constititional monarchy.
- Began the process to transition Spain into a democracy.- Became the new king of Spain (Bourbon dynasty).
2. In 1976 Adolfo Suárez was appointed as president by the king.
4. Spain entered in the European Union.
1977 - 1981TRANSITION TO DEMOCRACY
Adolfo Suárez led the Union of the Democratic Centre (UCD) and won general election in 1977. He was a key figure in the transition to democracy after the dictatorship of Francisco Franco. In 1978, a new constitution was established, so important reforms were introduced. In 1981 there was a military coup attempt (23F).
ART AND LITERACY
Cubism
It used geometric shapes to represent people and things. Pablo Picasso was one the inventors of Cubism. His painting "Guernica" represents the bombing of a Basque town during the Spanish Civil War.
Surrealism
It represented imaginary scenes and fantasies. Salvador Dalí and Joan Miró were important Surrealist artists.
MIRÓ
DALÍ
Abstract art
It developed in the second half of the 20th century. It represented ideas rather than reality. Eduardo Chillida was an important abstract sculptor.
The Generation of ´27
It was a group of poets that formed in the 1920s to experiment with new styles of poetry and artistic expression. The group included Federico García Lorca and Miguel Hernández.
LORCA
HERNÁNDEZ
Modern Spain (the 20th century)
Iñigo Ayechu Sola
Created on January 26, 2023
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Transcript
Contemporary Age The 20th century
TIMELINE
Azaña Second Republic 1931
Primo de RiveraDictatorship 1923
Alfonso XII king of Spain 1874
Alfonso XIII king of Spain 1902
SuárezPresident1977
Juan Carlos I king of Spain1975
FrancoDictatorship 1939
María Cristina regent 1885 - 1902
1874 - 1923 RESTORATION
This period started when Alfonso XII became king in 1874. When Alfonso died, Spain was ruled by his wife María Cristina de Habsburgo (regent) until his son Alfonso XIII turned 16 years old.
1923-1930 MIGUEL PRIMO DE RIVERA (Dictatorship)
During Alfonso XIII´s reign, Spain experienced violent protests against the corrupt system. Because of these problems, there was a military coup in 1923, and Miguel Primo de Rivera established a dictatorship. He founded an authoritarian regime: - He assumed all the power of the state. - He abolished the Constitution of 1876. - He banned political parties. - The king lost almost all his importance.
1923-1930 MIGUEL PRIMO DE RIVERA (Dictatorship)
Many people and Alfonso XIII supported Miguel Primo de Rivera for 7 years. After those years, he lost his principal source of power: the army refused to support him,
Primo de Rivera was forced to resign in 1930 and he died shortly afterward.
1931SECOND REPUBLIC
People were unhappy with the dictatorship of Primo de Rivera so Alfonso XIII called for elections. - The Republicans and Socialists won the municipal elections with Manuel Azaña as president. - The monarchy was abolished so Alfonso XIII left the country. - Spain became a republic again.
1931SECOND REPUBLIC
There were many social reforms:- Education: new schools and removing religion as a obligatory subject. - Job: the salaries raised and the conditions of workers improved. - The Army was reformed. - Constitution of 1931:- Freedom of expression. - Right to vote for women. - Separated the Church from the government and took away its privileges. - Divorce was legal.
CLARA CAMPOAMOR and VICTORIA KENT
1931SECOND REPUBLIC
The new flag: red, yellow and purple was a symbol of the 2nd Republic.
Opposition to the Republic: - The church: its powers were limited. - The military and Nationalists. - Worker's groups: considered the Second Republic to be oppresive. - Monarchists and fascists: their status as nobles were reduced.
1936 - 1939SPANISH CIVIL WAR
Not everyone agreed with the social reform so there was a period of violence and extreme actions by all political groups (many politicians were killed). In July 1936 a military uprising against the Republic was led by generals including Francisco Franco. The coup was not successful everywhere, leaving the country divided: - Republicans: supported the Republic. - Nationalists: supported General Franco.
1936 - 1939SPANISH CIVIL WAR
The war for the control of the country began.
Republicans
Nationalists
1. They had more military power.
1. They were mainly untrained militia.
2. They used a military structure, unified by generals.
2. They lacked unity.
VS
3. They were supported by Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy. They sent soldiers, weapons and aircraft.
3. They were only supported by the Soviet Union while other countries preferred non-intervention.
4. They occupied the main food-producing areas of Spain.
1939DICTATORSHIP OF FRANCO The war ended in 1939 with the Nationalist victory so the Second Republic ended. Franco established a right-wing dictatorship. Franco took control of politics, economy, religion and laws.
DICTATORSHIP OF FRANCO
Enacted policies of autarky
Imposed new laws that limited the civil liberties
Repressed oponents
Título aquí
-Regional traditions and languages were restricted. -Some people were killed or imprisoned for political beliefs.
- Banned the entry of any foreign element. - There was an economic crisis. - Food shortages and rationing ocurred.
-Press, arts, films, books... were censored. - Political parties and unions were made ilegal.
Life in Spain was difficult for most of the population and the economy was falling. Many Spaniards emigrated to Europe for work.
1975 - 2014KING JUAN CARLOS I
In the 1970s, Franco was old and ill. Franco named Juan Carlos de Borbón as his successor. In 1975 Franco died and Juan Carlos I became king of Spain. He was the Spanish king until 2014 when he abdicated in favour of his son Felipe VI that is the current King of Spain.
Adolfo Suárez
- Legalised political parties and trade unions.- Gave workers the right to strike. - Released political prisioners. - Political exiles came back to Spain. - Opened the door for free elections
Europe
3. June 1977: First Democratic elections in 40 years.
1982: Spain joined the NATO986: Spain entered the EEC (later became the UE).2002: Spain entered in the Eurozone replacing the peseta.
1. Franco named Juan Carlos as his successor.
New Constitution
Juan Carlos I
-The elected political parties created a new constitution.- December 1978: citizens voted in favour of the Constitution. -Spain as a constititional monarchy.
- Began the process to transition Spain into a democracy.- Became the new king of Spain (Bourbon dynasty).
2. In 1976 Adolfo Suárez was appointed as president by the king.
4. Spain entered in the European Union.
1977 - 1981TRANSITION TO DEMOCRACY
Adolfo Suárez led the Union of the Democratic Centre (UCD) and won general election in 1977. He was a key figure in the transition to democracy after the dictatorship of Francisco Franco. In 1978, a new constitution was established, so important reforms were introduced. In 1981 there was a military coup attempt (23F).
ART AND LITERACY
Cubism
It used geometric shapes to represent people and things. Pablo Picasso was one the inventors of Cubism. His painting "Guernica" represents the bombing of a Basque town during the Spanish Civil War.
Surrealism
It represented imaginary scenes and fantasies. Salvador Dalí and Joan Miró were important Surrealist artists.
MIRÓ
DALÍ
Abstract art
It developed in the second half of the 20th century. It represented ideas rather than reality. Eduardo Chillida was an important abstract sculptor.
The Generation of ´27
It was a group of poets that formed in the 1920s to experiment with new styles of poetry and artistic expression. The group included Federico García Lorca and Miguel Hernández.
LORCA
HERNÁNDEZ