Virus Classifications
Virus
Genetic Material
Shape
RNA
DNA
Viruses are non-living, microscopic, intracellular parasites, that contain genetic material. They are not unicellular nor multicellular. In order to survive and reproduce, viruses need a host cell to infect with its genetic material. Moreover, viruses can be made from scratch with just a protein and a nucleic genome. In fact, viruses are the fastest evolving organism and are physically beautiful.
- ssRNA - single stranded RNA
- dsRNA - double stranded RNA
- ssDNA - single stranded DNA
- dsDNA - double stranded DNA
Naked or Enveloped?
Size
Some viruses have a Viral Envelope that acts like a cell membrane. The purpose of an envelope is to surround the capsid, attachment to host, and releases genetic material into host.
Virus size ranges from 20-500 nanometers (nm).
A zoonotic virus is a disease that passes from an animal or insect to a human. They spread through animals by ticks and mosquitos and spread to humans by route of transmission. The zoonotic virus needs contact with a susceptible host, infection and replication, and transmission to other individuals in order to spread. Humans are not constantly sick from viruses because humans are not genetically similar to all viruses. Moreover, zoonotic viruses have the ability to mutate. These viral mutations are harmful for other organisms because they can keep mutating in order to survive and gain traits that better help the virus to reproduce quickly. Furthermore, when the virus reaches the transmission stage, it is extremely dangerous because it can lead to a full blown epidemic.
Animal Viruses
Bacteriophages
Replication Cycles
Similarities
- Contain an envelope
- Contain enzymes
- Contain envelope protein
- Spherical shape
- Complex Shape
- Have a collar, baseplate, sheath, and tail fiber legs
- Naked capsid
- Has a head and a tail
Lytic Cycle
Lysogenic Cycle
- Genetic Material
- Capsid
- Non-Living
- Non-Cellular
- Need a host to replicate and reproduce
- Virus hides and waits
- Occurs Slowly
- The genetic material of the virus intergrates to the host genetic material and has to get triggered in order for the cell to begin the lytic cycle.
- "Dormant Viruses"
Similarities
- Happens immediately
- Cell death immediately
- Faster than the lysogenic cycle
- "Active Viruses"
- Attachment Phase
- Entry Phase
- Inject genetic material into cells
Virus Infographic
Emily Medina
Created on January 13, 2023
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Transcript
Virus Classifications
Virus
Genetic Material
Shape
RNA
DNA
Viruses are non-living, microscopic, intracellular parasites, that contain genetic material. They are not unicellular nor multicellular. In order to survive and reproduce, viruses need a host cell to infect with its genetic material. Moreover, viruses can be made from scratch with just a protein and a nucleic genome. In fact, viruses are the fastest evolving organism and are physically beautiful.
Naked or Enveloped?
Size
Some viruses have a Viral Envelope that acts like a cell membrane. The purpose of an envelope is to surround the capsid, attachment to host, and releases genetic material into host.
Virus size ranges from 20-500 nanometers (nm).
A zoonotic virus is a disease that passes from an animal or insect to a human. They spread through animals by ticks and mosquitos and spread to humans by route of transmission. The zoonotic virus needs contact with a susceptible host, infection and replication, and transmission to other individuals in order to spread. Humans are not constantly sick from viruses because humans are not genetically similar to all viruses. Moreover, zoonotic viruses have the ability to mutate. These viral mutations are harmful for other organisms because they can keep mutating in order to survive and gain traits that better help the virus to reproduce quickly. Furthermore, when the virus reaches the transmission stage, it is extremely dangerous because it can lead to a full blown epidemic.
Animal Viruses
Bacteriophages
Replication Cycles
Similarities
Lytic Cycle
Lysogenic Cycle
Similarities