STRUCTURAL BACKGROUND
Advantage & Disadvantage
tYPES OF SPACE FRAME
HISTORY
MATERIAL, LOAD DISTRIBUTION
dESIGN mETHODS & COMPONENTS
Definition
sPACE FRAME
Presented By Group One Members
Definition
What is Space Frame?
- Its simplest spatial unit is a tetrahedron having four joints and six members. - It can span large spatial areas without intermediate columns, by interlocking struts in a geometric pattern - It can take a form of flat surface or curved surface
- A truss-like, lightweight rigid structure constructed from interlocking struts in a geometric pattern. - It is strong and can be used to span large areas with few interior supports. - Flexing loads (bending moments) are transmitted as tension and compression loads along the length of each strut.
The beauty of its open latticework web of lightweight tubular diagonals is only surpassed by its structural purity.
history of space frames
- It was designed in 1907 by Alexander . Graham Bell and Buckminster Fuller in 1950s, whom focus was architectural structure. - It was developed in California during the 1960s and introduced to the south African market in 1982. - It was specifically developed for unstable soil conditions.
You can write an amazing subtitle here.Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer. sed diam nonummy nibh euismod tincidunt ut.
title here
- The initial purpose of the space frames were for vehicles and aeronauticals.
Cont.
- In the UK in the 1950s Dennings of Chard developed the Space Deck modular system.The Space Deck system consists of pyramidal units constructed from a square frame of steel angles connected by circular steel tube bracing members to a cast steel boss.
- Richard Buckminster Fuller (1895 - 1981) developed the Octet Truss system using tubular steel members and a bolted node joint.
Design Method & COMPONENTS OF S.F
Tubes
- Space frames are typically designed using a rigidity matrix. the special characterstic of the stiffness matrix in an architectural space frame is the independence of the angular factors.
.- Members are fixed using connectors. different types of connectors are: - Nodus connector - Triodetic connector - Tuball Node connector - Hemispherical Dome connector
CONT.
It consists of a hub, usually an aluminium extrusion, that has slots or keyways, which the ends of the members are pressed or coined with massive bolt
CONT.
- Usually use for double layer domes - Has a span more than 40m - more economical for long span, - the jointing is connected by sliting the end of the tube or rod with the joint fin. - two types of joint: pentagonal and hexagonal joint
TYPES OF SPACE FRAMES - By arrangements of its elements
In reality, there are numerous classification schemes that can be used to classify space frame structures.
Here is an illustration of how different space frame types can be categorized according to how the elements are arranged
Triple layered grid The three layers of the space frame components are parallel to one another. The majority
of the time, structures are flat and connected by diagonal bars
Double layered grid A diagonal bar connects two layers of elements are parallel to one another.
TYPES OF SPACE FRAMES - By arrangements of its elements
Single layered grid A single layer of components that makeup a structure's exterior.
TYPES OF SPACE FRAMES - Curvature Classification
On the other hand , there is a less formal classification of space frame structures that uses
the characteristic metric of the overall structure.
Our three primary space frame kinds are as follows
Spherical domes/ and other more complex shape
Tend to need a lot of support , either from outside the building or via the use of
more pyramidal or tetrahedral modules inside the structure .
Barrel vaultsUsually doesn’t need additional support of the kind mentioned above, but it does have a cross
section as a way of interior support
TYPES OF SPACE FRAMES - Curvature Classification
Space plane CoverA structure made up of several planer supporting structures. The diagonals support the entire
structure, and the horizontal bars support the weight
Material
Types of matreials used for space frames may be Timber or structural Steel and/or Bamboo which can be used as an alternative material for constructing a space frames.
STEEL:- Steel space frame construction uses steel beams, columns and trusses to create an open framework that can then be covered with other materials such as concrete or wood planks.
Hot-rolled steel of different sections can be used.
H-shape
L-shape
- These types of structures can be seen in many different types of buildings, including skyscrapers, homes and offices.
U-shape
T-shape
- Structural steel hot-rolled shapes, or round or rectangular tubes, or cold- formed steel sections can be used for space frames.
Material
Round Tubes
Rectangular Tubes
Cold-formed steel
Material
TIMBER: - Design and Fabrication of Timber Space Frames The principal goal of the timber space frame was to provide an efficient and modular horizontal spanning structural element.
- Timber is an old age building material. The term ‘timber’ means the wood of sufficient size, which is suitable for engineering construction purpose. - It is used in building construction in various locations such as beams, trusses, rafter, floors, roofs, doors, windows, poles, staircases, frames, poles, and columns.
Material
BAMBOO: Bamboo, like wood, is a natural composite material with a high strength-to-weight ratio useful for structures. Bamboo's strength-to-weight ratio is similar to timber, and its strength is generally similar to a strong softwood or hardwood timber.
Bamboo as an environmental friendly, high resistance yet light material can be used as aconvenient alternative for load bearing elements in buildings. Due to specific mechanical properties of bamboo that is high in tension and compression, it is suitablefor use instructural systems based on linear behavior i.e. two-dimensional truss and space framestructure.
LOAD DISTRIBUTION
- The simplest form of space frame is a horizontal slab of interlocking square pyramids and tetrahedra built from aluminium or tubular steel struts
If a force is applied to the blue node, and the red bar is not present, the behaviour of the structure depends completely on the bending rigidity of the blue node. If the red bar is present, and the bending rigidity of the blue node is negligible compared to the contributing rigidity of the red bar, the system can be calculated using a rigidity matrix, neglecting angular factors.
- Space frame can be used to to span large areas with few interior supports. like the struss, a space frame is strong because of the inherent rigidity of the triangle; flexing loads (bending moments) are transmitted as tension and compression loads along the length of each strut
Structural background
- A space frames along-spanning three-dimensional plate structure based onthe rigidity of the triangle and composed of linear elements subject only to axial tension or compression, even in the case of connection by comparatively rigid joints, the influence of bending or torsional moment is significant.
advantages of space frame
- ligth, Elegant and Economical. - The steel elements are portable and lightweight. Therefore, their assembly is modular, secure and efficient. - It is capable of bearing heavy loadings with minimum deflections. - The time of construction and cost of transportation is less as compared to conventional steel structures. -Space frame/ Space structure also allows odd placement of columns, along with integral cladding and glazing. Therefore, modularity is achieved with these structures. - Efficient, both structurally and functionally
- No site painting and welding - Offers the architect unrestricted freedom in locating supports and planning the subdivisions of the covered space
You can write an amazing subtitle here.Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer. sed diam nonummy nibh euismod tincidunt ut.
title here
disadvantages of space frame
- Difficult to engineer. - High maintainace cost - High initial cost -Thermal conducivity -Need of supporting structure -Not straightforward to determine how forces will distribute throughout a structure that has a lot of redundant pieces
title here
You can write an amazing subtitle here.Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer. sed diam nonummy nibh euismod tincidunt ut.
some examples of buildings
Thank you
SPACE FRAMES
Samuel Minassie
Created on December 23, 2022
Start designing with a free template
Discover more than 1500 professional designs like these:
View
Essential Microsite
View
Practical Microsite
View
Akihabara Microsite
View
Essential CV
View
Akihabara Resume
View
Interactive Onboarding Guide
View
Basic Shapes Microsite
Explore all templates
Transcript
STRUCTURAL BACKGROUND
Advantage & Disadvantage
tYPES OF SPACE FRAME
HISTORY
MATERIAL, LOAD DISTRIBUTION
dESIGN mETHODS & COMPONENTS
Definition
sPACE FRAME
Presented By Group One Members
Definition
What is Space Frame?
- Its simplest spatial unit is a tetrahedron having four joints and six members. - It can span large spatial areas without intermediate columns, by interlocking struts in a geometric pattern - It can take a form of flat surface or curved surface
- A truss-like, lightweight rigid structure constructed from interlocking struts in a geometric pattern. - It is strong and can be used to span large areas with few interior supports. - Flexing loads (bending moments) are transmitted as tension and compression loads along the length of each strut.
The beauty of its open latticework web of lightweight tubular diagonals is only surpassed by its structural purity.
history of space frames
- It was designed in 1907 by Alexander . Graham Bell and Buckminster Fuller in 1950s, whom focus was architectural structure. - It was developed in California during the 1960s and introduced to the south African market in 1982. - It was specifically developed for unstable soil conditions.
You can write an amazing subtitle here.Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer. sed diam nonummy nibh euismod tincidunt ut.
title here
- The initial purpose of the space frames were for vehicles and aeronauticals.
Cont.
- In the UK in the 1950s Dennings of Chard developed the Space Deck modular system.The Space Deck system consists of pyramidal units constructed from a square frame of steel angles connected by circular steel tube bracing members to a cast steel boss.
- Richard Buckminster Fuller (1895 - 1981) developed the Octet Truss system using tubular steel members and a bolted node joint.
Design Method & COMPONENTS OF S.F
Tubes
- Space frames are typically designed using a rigidity matrix. the special characterstic of the stiffness matrix in an architectural space frame is the independence of the angular factors.
.- Members are fixed using connectors. different types of connectors are: - Nodus connector - Triodetic connector - Tuball Node connector - Hemispherical Dome connector
CONT.
It consists of a hub, usually an aluminium extrusion, that has slots or keyways, which the ends of the members are pressed or coined with massive bolt
CONT.
- Usually use for double layer domes - Has a span more than 40m - more economical for long span, - the jointing is connected by sliting the end of the tube or rod with the joint fin. - two types of joint: pentagonal and hexagonal joint
TYPES OF SPACE FRAMES - By arrangements of its elements
In reality, there are numerous classification schemes that can be used to classify space frame structures. Here is an illustration of how different space frame types can be categorized according to how the elements are arranged
Triple layered grid The three layers of the space frame components are parallel to one another. The majority of the time, structures are flat and connected by diagonal bars
Double layered grid A diagonal bar connects two layers of elements are parallel to one another.
TYPES OF SPACE FRAMES - By arrangements of its elements
Single layered grid A single layer of components that makeup a structure's exterior.
TYPES OF SPACE FRAMES - Curvature Classification
On the other hand , there is a less formal classification of space frame structures that uses the characteristic metric of the overall structure. Our three primary space frame kinds are as follows
Spherical domes/ and other more complex shape Tend to need a lot of support , either from outside the building or via the use of more pyramidal or tetrahedral modules inside the structure .
Barrel vaultsUsually doesn’t need additional support of the kind mentioned above, but it does have a cross section as a way of interior support
TYPES OF SPACE FRAMES - Curvature Classification
Space plane CoverA structure made up of several planer supporting structures. The diagonals support the entire structure, and the horizontal bars support the weight
Material
Types of matreials used for space frames may be Timber or structural Steel and/or Bamboo which can be used as an alternative material for constructing a space frames.
STEEL:- Steel space frame construction uses steel beams, columns and trusses to create an open framework that can then be covered with other materials such as concrete or wood planks.
Hot-rolled steel of different sections can be used.
H-shape
L-shape
- These types of structures can be seen in many different types of buildings, including skyscrapers, homes and offices.
U-shape
T-shape
- Structural steel hot-rolled shapes, or round or rectangular tubes, or cold- formed steel sections can be used for space frames.
Material
Round Tubes
Rectangular Tubes
Cold-formed steel
Material
TIMBER: - Design and Fabrication of Timber Space Frames The principal goal of the timber space frame was to provide an efficient and modular horizontal spanning structural element.
- Timber is an old age building material. The term ‘timber’ means the wood of sufficient size, which is suitable for engineering construction purpose. - It is used in building construction in various locations such as beams, trusses, rafter, floors, roofs, doors, windows, poles, staircases, frames, poles, and columns.
Material
BAMBOO: Bamboo, like wood, is a natural composite material with a high strength-to-weight ratio useful for structures. Bamboo's strength-to-weight ratio is similar to timber, and its strength is generally similar to a strong softwood or hardwood timber.
Bamboo as an environmental friendly, high resistance yet light material can be used as aconvenient alternative for load bearing elements in buildings. Due to specific mechanical properties of bamboo that is high in tension and compression, it is suitablefor use instructural systems based on linear behavior i.e. two-dimensional truss and space framestructure.
LOAD DISTRIBUTION
- The simplest form of space frame is a horizontal slab of interlocking square pyramids and tetrahedra built from aluminium or tubular steel struts
If a force is applied to the blue node, and the red bar is not present, the behaviour of the structure depends completely on the bending rigidity of the blue node. If the red bar is present, and the bending rigidity of the blue node is negligible compared to the contributing rigidity of the red bar, the system can be calculated using a rigidity matrix, neglecting angular factors.
- Space frame can be used to to span large areas with few interior supports. like the struss, a space frame is strong because of the inherent rigidity of the triangle; flexing loads (bending moments) are transmitted as tension and compression loads along the length of each strut
Structural background
- A space frames along-spanning three-dimensional plate structure based onthe rigidity of the triangle and composed of linear elements subject only to axial tension or compression, even in the case of connection by comparatively rigid joints, the influence of bending or torsional moment is significant.
advantages of space frame
- ligth, Elegant and Economical. - The steel elements are portable and lightweight. Therefore, their assembly is modular, secure and efficient. - It is capable of bearing heavy loadings with minimum deflections. - The time of construction and cost of transportation is less as compared to conventional steel structures. -Space frame/ Space structure also allows odd placement of columns, along with integral cladding and glazing. Therefore, modularity is achieved with these structures. - Efficient, both structurally and functionally - No site painting and welding - Offers the architect unrestricted freedom in locating supports and planning the subdivisions of the covered space
You can write an amazing subtitle here.Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer. sed diam nonummy nibh euismod tincidunt ut.
title here
disadvantages of space frame
- Difficult to engineer. - High maintainace cost - High initial cost -Thermal conducivity -Need of supporting structure -Not straightforward to determine how forces will distribute throughout a structure that has a lot of redundant pieces
title here
You can write an amazing subtitle here.Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer. sed diam nonummy nibh euismod tincidunt ut.
some examples of buildings
Thank you