14th - 18th centuries
Timeline of
NANOTECHNOLOGY
This timeline features Premodern example of nanotechnology, as well as Modern Era discoveries and milestones in the field of nanotechnology.
PREMODERN NANOTECHNOLOGY
4TH
4TH Century
Lycurgus Cup
An example of dichroic glass. The picture is lit from the outside.
9TH - 17TH Centuries
9TH-17TH
Polychrome Lustreware Bowl
Ceramic glazes used in the Islamic world.
6TH - 15TH Centuries
South Rose window of Notre Dame Cathedral
6TH-15TH
Vibrant satined glass windows in European cathedrals.
13TH - 18TH Centuries
Damascus Saber
It blades contained carbon nanotubes and cementite nanowires.
13TH-18TH
1800S - 1900S
DISCOVERIES AND DEVELOPMENTS ENABLING NANOTECHNOLOGY IN THE MODERN ERA
These are based on increasingly sophisticated scientific understanding and instrumentation, as well as experimentation.
1850
1857
Ruby Gold Colloid
Nanostructured gold under certain lighting conditions.
1936
Field Emission Microscope
It allows near-atomic-resolution images of materials.
1900
1947
Semiconductor Transistor
It greatly expanded scientific knowledge of semiconductor interfaces.
1950
Monodisperse Colloidal Materials
The controlled ability to fabricate colloids enables myriad industrial.
1950 S- 1960S
DISCOVERIES AND DEVELOPMENTS ENABLING NANOTECHNOLOGY IN THE MODERN ERA
These are based on increasingly sophisticated scientific understanding and instrumentation, as well as experimentation.
1951
Field Ion Microscope
Image the arrangement of atoms at the surface of a sharp metal tip.
1900
1956
Molecular Engineering
As applied to dielectrics, ferroelectrics, and piezoelectrics.
1958
First Integrated Circuit
It has received the Nobel Prize in 2000.
1959
"There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom"
First technology and engineering at the atomic scale.
1965S - 1985S
DISCOVERIES AND DEVELOPMENTS ENABLING NANOTECHNOLOGY IN THE MODERN ERA
These are based on increasingly sophisticated scientific understanding and instrumentation, as well as experimentation.
1965
Moore's Law
It described the density of transistors on an integrated chip doubling every 12 months.
1900
1981
Scanning Tunneling Miscroscope
Allowing scientists to "see" individual atoms for the first time.
1981
Nanocrystalline
Semiconducting quantum dots in a glass matrix.
1985
Buckminsterfullerene
A molecule resembling a soccer ball in shape and composed entirely of carbon, as are graphite and diamond.
1986s - 1991s
DISCOVERIES AND DEVELOPMENTS ENABLING NANOTECHNOLOGY IN THE MODERN ERA
These are based on increasingly sophisticated scientific understanding and instrumentation, as well as experimentation.
1986
Atomic Force Microscope
Has the capability to view, measure, and manipulate materials down to fractions of a nanometer in size.
1900
1989
Scanning Tunneling Miscroscope
This demonstrates the ability to precisely manipulate atoms ushered in the applied use of nanotechnology.
1990
Early nanotechnology companies began to operate
Nanophase Technologies in 1989
1991
Carbon Nanotube (CNT)
Iijima shared the Kavli Prize in Nanoscience in 2008 for this advance and other advances in the field.
1992s - 1999s
DISCOVERIES AND DEVELOPMENTS ENABLING NANOTECHNOLOGY IN THE MODERN ERA
These are based on increasingly sophisticated scientific understanding and instrumentation, as well as experimentation.
1992
Nanostructured Catalytic Materials MCM-41 and MCM-48
Used for heavily in refining crude oil.
1900
1993
Method for Controlled Synthesis of Nanocrystals
Paving the way for applications ranging from computing to biology to high-efficiency photovoltaics and lighting.
1998
Interagency Working Group on Nanotechnology
To investigate the state of the art in nanoscale science and technology and to forecast possible future developments.
1999
Assembling a Molecule
It's from constituent components [iron (Fe) and carbon monoxide (CO)] with a scanning tunneling microscope.
1999s - 2003s
DISCOVERIES AND DEVELOPMENTS ENABLING NANOTECHNOLOGY IN THE MODERN ERA
These are based on increasingly sophisticated scientific understanding and instrumentation, as well as experimentation.
1900
1999
Dip-pen Nanolithography
Reproducible “writing” of electronic circuits.
CONSUMER PRODUCTS
1999 - EARLY 2000'S
2000
President Clinton launched the National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI)
2000
To coordinate Federal R&D efforts and promote U.S. competitiveness in nanotechnology
2003
Congress enacted the 21st Century Nanotechnology Research and Development Act
The act provided a statutory foundation for the NNI, established programs, assigned agency responsibilities, authorized funding levels, and promoted research to address key issues.
2000s
2003
Gold Nanoshells
Which when “tuned” in size to absorb near-infrared light.
2004
Nanoscience and Nanotechnologies: Opportunities and Uncertainties
It advocating the need to address potential health.
2000
2004
College of Nanoscale Science and Engineering
Launch by SUNY Albany
2005
DNA-based Computation
In which computations are embedded in the process of nanocrystal growth.
2006
Nanoscale Car
Which when “tuned” in size to absorb near-infrared light.
2000s
2011
NNI Strategic Plan
Drawing on extensive input from public workshops and online dialog.
2007
Lithium-ion Battery with a Common Type of Virus
This type of battery is not harmful to humans, it uses a low-cost and environmentally benign process.
2008
2000
The first official NNI Strategy for Nanotechnology-Related Environmental, Health, and Safety (EHS) Research
It based on a two-year process of NNI-sponsored investigations and public dialogs.
2009-2010
DNA-like robotic nanoscale assembly devices
Using synthetic sequences of DNA crystals that can be programmed to self-assemble using “sticky ends” and placement in a set order and orientation.
2010
Nanoscale Patterns and Structures as Small as 15 Nanometers
IBM used a silicon tip measuring only a few nanometers at its apex.
2000s
2012
Nanotechnology Signature Initiatives (NSIs
Bringing the total to five NSIs.
2013
Strategic Planning
Stanford researchers develop the first carbon nanotube computer.
2000
2014
Updated 2014 Strategic Plan
The NNI releases the updated 2014 Strategic Plan.
DECADES INFOGRAPHIC
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Transcript
14th - 18th centuries
Timeline of
NANOTECHNOLOGY
This timeline features Premodern example of nanotechnology, as well as Modern Era discoveries and milestones in the field of nanotechnology.
PREMODERN NANOTECHNOLOGY
4TH
4TH Century
Lycurgus Cup
An example of dichroic glass. The picture is lit from the outside.
9TH - 17TH Centuries
9TH-17TH
Polychrome Lustreware Bowl
Ceramic glazes used in the Islamic world.
6TH - 15TH Centuries
South Rose window of Notre Dame Cathedral
6TH-15TH
Vibrant satined glass windows in European cathedrals.
13TH - 18TH Centuries
Damascus Saber
It blades contained carbon nanotubes and cementite nanowires.
13TH-18TH
1800S - 1900S
DISCOVERIES AND DEVELOPMENTS ENABLING NANOTECHNOLOGY IN THE MODERN ERA
These are based on increasingly sophisticated scientific understanding and instrumentation, as well as experimentation.
1850
1857
Ruby Gold Colloid
Nanostructured gold under certain lighting conditions.
1936
Field Emission Microscope
It allows near-atomic-resolution images of materials.
1900
1947
Semiconductor Transistor
It greatly expanded scientific knowledge of semiconductor interfaces.
1950
Monodisperse Colloidal Materials
The controlled ability to fabricate colloids enables myriad industrial.
1950 S- 1960S
DISCOVERIES AND DEVELOPMENTS ENABLING NANOTECHNOLOGY IN THE MODERN ERA
These are based on increasingly sophisticated scientific understanding and instrumentation, as well as experimentation.
1951
Field Ion Microscope
Image the arrangement of atoms at the surface of a sharp metal tip.
1900
1956
Molecular Engineering
As applied to dielectrics, ferroelectrics, and piezoelectrics.
1958
First Integrated Circuit
It has received the Nobel Prize in 2000.
1959
"There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom"
First technology and engineering at the atomic scale.
1965S - 1985S
DISCOVERIES AND DEVELOPMENTS ENABLING NANOTECHNOLOGY IN THE MODERN ERA
These are based on increasingly sophisticated scientific understanding and instrumentation, as well as experimentation.
1965
Moore's Law
It described the density of transistors on an integrated chip doubling every 12 months.
1900
1981
Scanning Tunneling Miscroscope
Allowing scientists to "see" individual atoms for the first time.
1981
Nanocrystalline
Semiconducting quantum dots in a glass matrix.
1985
Buckminsterfullerene
A molecule resembling a soccer ball in shape and composed entirely of carbon, as are graphite and diamond.
1986s - 1991s
DISCOVERIES AND DEVELOPMENTS ENABLING NANOTECHNOLOGY IN THE MODERN ERA
These are based on increasingly sophisticated scientific understanding and instrumentation, as well as experimentation.
1986
Atomic Force Microscope
Has the capability to view, measure, and manipulate materials down to fractions of a nanometer in size.
1900
1989
Scanning Tunneling Miscroscope
This demonstrates the ability to precisely manipulate atoms ushered in the applied use of nanotechnology.
1990
Early nanotechnology companies began to operate
Nanophase Technologies in 1989
1991
Carbon Nanotube (CNT)
Iijima shared the Kavli Prize in Nanoscience in 2008 for this advance and other advances in the field.
1992s - 1999s
DISCOVERIES AND DEVELOPMENTS ENABLING NANOTECHNOLOGY IN THE MODERN ERA
These are based on increasingly sophisticated scientific understanding and instrumentation, as well as experimentation.
1992
Nanostructured Catalytic Materials MCM-41 and MCM-48
Used for heavily in refining crude oil.
1900
1993
Method for Controlled Synthesis of Nanocrystals
Paving the way for applications ranging from computing to biology to high-efficiency photovoltaics and lighting.
1998
Interagency Working Group on Nanotechnology
To investigate the state of the art in nanoscale science and technology and to forecast possible future developments.
1999
Assembling a Molecule
It's from constituent components [iron (Fe) and carbon monoxide (CO)] with a scanning tunneling microscope.
1999s - 2003s
DISCOVERIES AND DEVELOPMENTS ENABLING NANOTECHNOLOGY IN THE MODERN ERA
These are based on increasingly sophisticated scientific understanding and instrumentation, as well as experimentation.
1900
1999
Dip-pen Nanolithography
Reproducible “writing” of electronic circuits.
CONSUMER PRODUCTS
1999 - EARLY 2000'S
2000
President Clinton launched the National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI)
2000
To coordinate Federal R&D efforts and promote U.S. competitiveness in nanotechnology
2003
Congress enacted the 21st Century Nanotechnology Research and Development Act
The act provided a statutory foundation for the NNI, established programs, assigned agency responsibilities, authorized funding levels, and promoted research to address key issues.
2000s
2003
Gold Nanoshells
Which when “tuned” in size to absorb near-infrared light.
2004
Nanoscience and Nanotechnologies: Opportunities and Uncertainties
It advocating the need to address potential health.
2000
2004
College of Nanoscale Science and Engineering
Launch by SUNY Albany
2005
DNA-based Computation
In which computations are embedded in the process of nanocrystal growth.
2006
Nanoscale Car
Which when “tuned” in size to absorb near-infrared light.
2000s
2011
NNI Strategic Plan
Drawing on extensive input from public workshops and online dialog.
2007
Lithium-ion Battery with a Common Type of Virus
This type of battery is not harmful to humans, it uses a low-cost and environmentally benign process.
2008
2000
The first official NNI Strategy for Nanotechnology-Related Environmental, Health, and Safety (EHS) Research
It based on a two-year process of NNI-sponsored investigations and public dialogs.
2009-2010
DNA-like robotic nanoscale assembly devices
Using synthetic sequences of DNA crystals that can be programmed to self-assemble using “sticky ends” and placement in a set order and orientation.
2010
Nanoscale Patterns and Structures as Small as 15 Nanometers
IBM used a silicon tip measuring only a few nanometers at its apex.
2000s
2012
Nanotechnology Signature Initiatives (NSIs
Bringing the total to five NSIs.
2013
Strategic Planning
Stanford researchers develop the first carbon nanotube computer.
2000
2014
Updated 2014 Strategic Plan
The NNI releases the updated 2014 Strategic Plan.