humanistic psychology timeline

Humanistic Psychology From the 14th century through 1974

Scientific Revolution 16th and 17th centuries

Marked a time of significant scientific development in multiple areas of science such as physics, astrongomy, mathematics, and biology

The Renaissance 14th century - 17th century

Period of rebirth and was marked by the revival of classical learning and wisdom

15th century middle ages

16th century

The middle ages marked the time between the downfall of the classical worlds of Greece and Rome

By the 16th century Humanism became the dominant intellectual movement

Humanism spread throughout Europe Middle of the 15th Century

During this spread classical literature was taught and the ability to fulfill one's potential was promoted

Humanism late 14th century through the 16th century

Humanism began in the late 14th century and was focused on riving interst in the classical world and studying what it means to be human.

Mid 1700s Frans Anton Mesmer

1830s use of mesmerism as an anesthetic

Mesmer created his theory of animal magnetism also known as mesmerism. He utilized magnetic forces to heal individuals whose magnetism was out of alignment. When someone is out of alignment it results in poor physical or mental health.

John Elliotson suggested that mesmerism should be used as an anesthetic after witnessing individuals who had been mesmerized feeling no pain. The hospital denied him of this but he continued to promote mesmerism

1784 Benjamin Franklin Speaks out about Mesmerism

The French stepped in to help fight for Americas independence and they assisted in getting Britian to surrender in 1781

Benjamin Franklin, who was a pioneer in the study of electricity wrote a letter stating that mesmerism had no scientific foundation and any patients he had cured were cured because of their own beliefs

1775-1783 American revolution

The age of Enlightenment 1685-1815

An intellectual movement that included reasoning, individualism, and skepticism. This age challenged traditional religious views and was marked by equality and human dignity

1812 Medical strategy in psychopathology

Benjamin Rush was the first American to apply medical strategies to psychopathology, he believed that disease was the result of abnormalities in the blood and promoted blood letting

1774-1775 prerevolutionary period

During this time there was a lot of uncertainty. The relationship between the British and the colonies was changing. This period included the intolerable acts which was a response to the boston tea party

1920

Freud created the idea of Eros (life instinct motivated by sex) and Thanatos (death instinct associated with aggression and self destruction)

T880- mid 1890s Freud's clinic

1897 Ivan Pavlov

1920 "little albert experiment"

Pavlov's work "Conditioned Reflex" was translated into English and was made accessible in the United States

Pavlov unintentionally discovered classical conditioning through his research on dog digestion

Freud opened a clinic to treat hysteria. In this clinic he utilized many different clinical methods. Eventually he developed free association where patients relaxed while they told Freud whatever came to mind

Watson had demonstrated the effectiveness of classical conditioning on humans using a rat paired with a loud noise to condition little albert to experience fear upon seeing the rat

1927

1914-1918 WWI

1820-1914 Victorian Era

During WW1 civilians across the world were making sacrifices as the war waged on civilians were less supportive of the war and protest and riots erupted across the world. Food and goods were scarce, and many families were losing loved ones to casualty

1933 Nazi rise to power

1895 Anna O.

This era included the industrial revolution, political reform, and social change

Frued worked with hysteria patient Anna O and discovered that by recalling forgotten memories of trauma the symptoms of hysteria would disapear. Rather than treat hysteria Freud sought to develop a new theory of the human mind

Hitler was able to use anger and helplessness that many germans were feeling and attracted a lot of votes from individuals who wanted change. The nazis pledged to restore german culture and restore themselves as a world power

End of WWI

. Even at the conclusion of the war there was unrest. Not only were civilians still struggling but the soldiers who were returning home were suffering from shell shock which included tremors, confusion, and nightmares

1938 Nazis accupied Vienna

In March of 1939 Austria became part of Nazi Germany. Anti-semetism was prevelant in Vienna. With the German polices Jewish extermination began. November 1938 the synagogues of Vienna had been rampaged

1951

1960s

Carl Rogers published "CLient-Centered therapy..."

1940s

Feminist movements of the 1960s sought to eradicate workplace inequality and allow women the opportunity to participate in politics

World war two was still being faught, the United States was recovering from the great depression, and Americans were very patriotic

1945

World war two ended and America was in better economic shape than the rest of the wrold

1938 Operant conditoning

1950s

1943

1950s and 60s

In America everything was booming, the economy, the suburbs and the baby boom. Americans were confident that there would be peace and prosperity

Abraham Maslow published "Theory of Human Motivation" - he developed his hierarchy of needs

Skinner wrote "The Behavior of Organizms" which anlyized respondent and operant behavior. Respondent behavior reflects classical conditioning. Operant behavior reflects operant conditioning where behvior is a result of consequences either punishing or reinforcing

Civil rights mvemtn had many black Americans seeking equal rights. The movement included campaigns, boycotts, rallies, riots, and protests

Humanistic psychology emerged as the dominate psychological force

Watergate scandal involving illegal wiretapping resulted in Nixon's resignation

1961

1963

First publication of the Journal of Humanistic Psychology

First graduate program for humanistic psychology was founded

1972-1974

1970s

1960s and 70s

Was known as the "Me" decade and was marked by resistance to existing authority.

Humanistic psychology took hold in the 1960s and 70s and was very popular amongst clinicans