Zero, 1st, 2nd & 3rd Conditionals _ BACH

Zero, First and second & third conditionals

Grammar reference

INDEX

1. Zero conditional

2. First conditonal

3. Second conditional

4. Third conditional

Zero conditional

If + present + present

• Talk about sth always happens/a scientific fact/always true.

• If water reaches 100 degrees, it boils.
• People die if they don't eat.
• If anyone drives a car without a licence, they are committing a crime.

First conditional

If + present + will + infinitive

• Talk about present/future situations/events real or possible.

• If I have enough money, I will buy some new shoes.
• If you study, you will pass the exam.
• If I wake up late, I will miss the bus.

Second Conditional

If + past + would + infinitive

• Talk about situations/events that are unlikely or hypothetical
• If I met Nicole Kidman, I would say hello.

• We can use were for 1st and 3rd person forms instead of was
• If I were you, I would not pay the bill.

sECOND CONDITIONAL

First conditional

Zero conditional

• Sth hypothetical or unlikely to happen in the present or future
• Give advice

• Possible and probable situations in the future and their consequences

• Situations that are generally or always true

third conditional

If + past perf. + would + have + past participle

• A hypothetical situation in the past. Sth that could have happened but didn't

• If I had met the Queen of England, I would have said hello.
• If you'd come to class more often, you would have passed the test.

Alternatives to "if"

Provided Providing (that)

as long as

unless

in case

the condition will make the other situation true

if not (if something doesn't happen)

being prepared for sth to happen

sth must happen for sth else to happen

You can go to the party, providing there will be adults there.

I'll take an umbrella in case it rains.

Unless you call me to say you are not coming, I'll see you at the theatre

As long as you are happy, it doesn't matter what you do.

DOUBTS?